Robotics Curriculum and Schools; 1 Bringing Robotics in Classrooms; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction-Need for Change in Education; 1.2 Robotics in Education; 1.2.1 Foundation of Robotics in Education; 1.2.2 Educational Robotics in the Context of Maker Movement in Education; 1.3 Learning with Educational Robotics-Skills and Student Learning; 1.3.1 Technological Literacy; 1.3.2 Innovation Literacy; 1.3.3 Student Learning with Educational Robotics; 1.3.3.1 Mathematics with Educational Robotics; 1.3.3.2 English Language Arts with Educational Robotics

1.3.3.3 Engineering Design (Engineering Literacy) with Educational Robotics1.3.3.4 Computational Thinking with Educational Robotics; 1.4 Conclusion; References; 2 Systems Thinking Approach to Robotics Curriculum in Schools; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Framing Robotics Learning Activities; 2.2.1 Application of the System of Principles; 2.3 Integrating Robotics Learning Activities into STEM Curriculum Units; 2.3.1 Preliminary Activity; 2.3.2 Robot Design Activity; 2.3.3 "Big Idea" Exploration Activity; 2.3.4 Robot Adaptation Activity; 2.3.5 Synthesizing Discussion

2.3.6 Application of the System of Modules2.4 Selection and Utilization of Thinking Tools; 2.4.1 Macro-level Thinking Tools; 2.4.2 Micro-level Thinking Tools; 2.4.3 External Representation Tools; 2.4.4 Different Perspective Tools; 2.4.5 Reflection Tools; 2.4.6 Application of the System of Thinking Tools; 2.5 Design and Implementation of Assessment; 2.5.1 Application of the System for the Design and Implementation of Assessment; 2.6 A Systems Framework to Facilitate the Design of Curriculum Units with Robotics; 2.7 Concluding Remarks; References

3 Combatting the War Against Machines: An Innovative Hands-on Approach to CodingAbstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Difficulties Faced by Learners Learning a Computer Programming Language; 3.3 Cognitive Load; 3.4 Computational Thinking; 3.5 Problem-solving; 3.6 Pedagogies Aimed at Computer Programming; 3.7 Social Constructivism and Computer Programming; 3.8 Authentic Learning Shaping the Design; 3.9 Authentic Context; 3.10 Authentic Task; 3.11 LEGO Mindstorms Robots: A Tool to Scaffold Learning; 3.12 The Motivation Factor; 3.13 A Hands-on Approach to Teaching Lego Mindstorms Robotics

3.14 Planning Lego Mindstorms Lessons3.14.1 Lesson Plans; 3.14.2 Planning to Plan; 3.15 Lego Mindstorms Lesson Plans; 3.15.1 Lesson Plan #1; 3.15.2 Lesson Plan #2; 3.15.3 Lesson Plan #3; 3.15.4 Lesson Plan #4; 3.16 Managing Lessons; 3.16.1 Managing the Classroom Environment; 3.16.2 Managing the Planned Lesson; 3.17 Assessment; 3.18 Reflection upon Lessons; 3.19 Teaching Lego Mindstorms to Both Genders; 3.19.1 Gender Differences in Computer Science; 3.20 Teaching Lego Mindstorms Robots to Both Genders; 3.21 Conclusion; References; 4 The Open Academic Robot Kit; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction