Dedication; "Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics": Aims and Scope ; About the Editor; Preface; Contents; Tumor Heterogeneity and Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Introduction; Spectrum of Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Impact on Drug Resistance; Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Approaches to Evaluate Heterogeneity; Conclusion; References; Modulating Immune Responses to Overcome Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Immunological Landscape of the Liver; Immunological Environment in Liver Cancer

Modulation of the Immunological Response in Patients with Liver Cancer Cytokine-Based Strategies; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Tumor Vaccines; Adoptive Cell Therapy; Checkpoint Inhibitors; References; Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resistance; Introduction; Liver Fibrosis and Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs); Inflammation and Immune Cells; Tumor Associated Macrophages; Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells; Natural Killer Cells; Regulatory T Cells; Effector T Cells; Angiogenesis and Hypoxia; Concluding Remarks; References

Contribution of the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resistance Introduction; The Cellular Origin of Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells; The Importance of the Hepatic Microenvironment for Induction of a Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype; Identification of Cancer Stem Cells and Clinical Relevance of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Liver Cancer; Cancer Stem Cell Regulation, Targeting and Mechanisms of Chemoresistance; Targeting Stemness-Related Signaling Pathways; Targeting Drug Resistance: ABCG2 Transporter; Differentiation Therapy; Epigenetic Modifications and CSC Therapy

Assessment of Response to Molecular Targeted Therapies Assessment of Response to Immuno-Therapies; Conclusions; References; Sorafenib and Clinical Patterns of Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Introduction; Adverse Events in HCC Patients Receiving Sorafenib; Radiological Responses and the Role of Post-progression Survival; Cirrhosis Complications as Confounders of Sorafenib Resistance; The Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Evolution as a Marker of Resistance; Other Potential Confounding Factors When Defining Sorafenib Resistance; References