Foreword; Preface; Contents; Part I: The Early Days; Chapter 1: Viral Epidemics in Latin America from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries and the Early Days of Virology in the Region; 1 Introduction; 2 Viral Epidemics in Latin America (Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries); 2.1 Influenza; 2.2 Smallpox; 2.3 Yellow Fever; 2.4 Other Viral Epidemics; 3 The Early Days of Virology in the Region; 3.1 The Royal Philanthropic Expedition of the Vaccine; 3.2 Discovering the Etiology and Mechanism of Transmission of Yellow Fever

3.3 Early Identification of Rabbit Myxomatosis as a Viral Disease by Sanarelli in Uruguay3.4 Rabies Vaccination Arrives in Latin America as a Sign of Modernity; 4 Conclusions; References; Part II: Viral Gastrointestinal Diseases; Chapter 2: Rotavirus Biology; 1 Introduction; 2 Rotavirus Cell Entry; 2.1 Virus Attachment; 2.2 Post-attachment Interactions; 2.3 Virus Internalization; 2.4 Intracellular Vesicular Traffic and the ESCRT Machinery; 2.5 M6PR and Cathepsins

3 Structural and Functional Characterization of Viral Genes and Cellular Proteins Required for Rotavirus Genome Replication and Virus Morphogenesis4 Rotavirus Strategies to Control the Antiviral Response of the Host Cell; 4.1 Protein Synthesis in Rotavirus-Infected Cells; 4.2 Stress Response of the Cell; 4.3 Antiviral Response of the Cell; 5 Rotavirus Pathogenesis and Adaptive Immunity; 6 Future Challenges; References; Chapter 3: Calicivirus Biology; 1 Introduction; 2 Calicivirus Genomic Organization; 3 Calicivirus Replicative Cycle; 4 Virus-Cell Interactions

5 Importance of Caliciviruses in Animals6 Transmission; 7 Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects; 8 Immunity; 9 Treatment, Prevention, and Vaccines; 10 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Astroviruses Biology; 1 Introduction; 2 Astrovirus Replication; 3 Processing of Astrovirus Capsid Polypeptides; 4 Astrovirus Assembly; 5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rotaviruses in Latin America; 1 Rotavirus Disease; 2 Rotavirus Characteristics; 3 Molecular Epidemiology in Latin America; 4 Predominant Genotypes of RVA in Latin America; 4.1 G1; 4.2 G2; 4.3 G3; 4.4 G4

4.5 G95 Emerging Genotypes; 5.1 G5; 5.2 G8; 5.3 G12; 6 Whole-Genome Analyses in Rotaviruses Detected in Latin America; 7 Rotavirus Diversity and Vaccines; References; Chapter 6: Environmental Virology; 1 Introduction; 1.1 History; 1.2 Global Burden of Diseases and Pathogens; 2 Enteric Viruses; 2.1 Source, Route of Exposure, and Transmission; 2.2 Methods for Viruses Recovered from Environmental Samples; 2.3 Persistence and Disinfection; 2.4 Water Quality and Microbial Source Tracking Indicators; 2.5 Data on Environmental Occurrence in Latin America; 2.5.1 Sewage, Sediment, and Sludge