Preface; Contents; 1 Introduction; References; 2 Lake-Catchment System and Drainage System; References; 3 Climatic (Climato-Geomorphic) Forces on Lake-Catchment Systems; 3.1 Long-Term External Forces; 3.1.1 Lake Biwa System; 3.1.2 Lake Baikal System; 3.2 Short-Term External Forces; 3.2.1 Lake Yogo and Lake Biwa; 3.2.2 Kawauso-ike, Kobe; 3.3 Abrupt Changes; References; 4 Tectonic (Tectono-Geomorphic) Forces on Systems; References; 5 Anthropogenic Forces on Systems; References; 6 Observations on Lake-Catchment Systems and Experimental Models

6.1 Experimental Models Based on Field Observations of Lake-Catchment Systems in the Reclamation Area6.2 Experimental Models Based on Some Elementary Processes in the Lake-Catchment Systems; 6.2.1 Outline of the Observed Systems; 6.2.2 Experimental Models Based on Elementary Processes; 6.2.3 Model Evaluation; References; 7 Observation of a Small Lake-Catchment System (Kawauso-ike System) After the Kobe Earthquake and Mathematical Models; References; 8 Long-Term Changes and Phenomenological Models; 8.1 Background for Establishing Models

8.2 Phenomenological Models on Lake-Catchment Systems for Long-Term Environmental FluctuationsReferences; 9 Long-Term External Forcing and Limnogeomorphology; 9.1 External Forcing and Solar Activity; 9.2 Long-Term External Forces Recorded in Lacustrine Sediments; References