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Preface; Contents; 1 Some Applications of Biomaterials in Automotive Industry; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 About Biomaterials; 3 Short Historical Overview; 4 Today's Applications; 4.1 Plastics; 4.2 Rubber; 4.3 Composites; 5 Conclusions; References; 2 Marine Applications of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Composites: A Manufacturing Case Study; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Composite Materials; 1.2 Composites and Ecology; 1.3 Composites and Boats; 2 Green Composites; 2.1 Environmentally-Friendly Materials; 2.2 Eco-Based Matrices; 2.3 Natural Fibers; 2.4 Hybridization
3 A Technology for Green Composite Production3.1 Stratification; 3.2 Hand Lay-up Method; 3.3 Vacuum Bagging Method; 4 Materials and Hybrids; 4.1 Mechanical Characteristics; 4.2 Experimental Tests; 4.3 Advantage of Hybridation; 5 Manufacturing; 5.1 Case Study; 5.2 Mould Preparation; 5.3 "Skin Coat" Stratification; 5.4 Surface Finishing; 5.5 Vacuum Bag Preparation; 5.6 Vacuum Sealing; 5.7 Core Inclusion; 5.8 Lower Surface; 5.9 Final Finishing; 5.10 An Ecofriendly Artefact; 6 Discussion and Conclusion; 6.1 General Considerations; 6.2 New Functionalities
6.3 Green Composites and Environmental SustainabilityAcknowledgements; References; 3 Influence of Biodiesel Blends on Characteristics of Gaseous Emissions from Two Stroke, Low Speed Marine Diesel Engines; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Experimental Procedure; 3 Results and Discussion; 3.1 Engine/Propeller Parameters; 3.2 Exhaust Emission; 3.2.1 Oxides of Nitrogen, NOx; 3.2.2 Sulfur Dioxide, SO2; 3.2.3 Carbon Monoxide, CO; 3.2.4 Carbon Dioxide, CO2; 4 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Review of Synthetic Fuels and New Materials Production Based on Pyrolysis Technologies; Abstract
1 Introduction to the Biomass Pyrolysis Process2 Fast Biomass Pyrolysis Reactor Types; 2.1 Fluidized Bed Reactors; 2.2 Ablative Pyrolysis Reactors; 2.3 Vacuum Pyrolysis; 2.4 Microwave Pyrolysis; 2.5 Catalytic Pyrolysis; 2.6 Hydropyrolysis; 3 Liquid Products from the Pyrolysis Process; 4 Gaseous Products; 5 Solid Products; 6 Conclusion; References; 5 Biodegradable Polymers Based on Proteins and Carbohydrates; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Polysaccharides (Carbohydrates); 1.1.1 Thermoplastic Starch; 1.1.2 Cellulose and Its Derivatives; 1.1.3 Fibers (Lignocellulosic Complex)
1.1.4 Chitin and Chitosan1.1.5 Gums; 1.2 Polypeptides (Proteins); 1.2.1 Corn Zein; 1.2.2 Wheat Gluten; 1.2.3 Soy Protein; 1.2.4 Collagen and Gelatin; 1.2.5 Casein and Caseinates; 1.2.6 Whey Proteins; 1.2.7 Other Proteins; 2 Conclusions; References; 6 Application of Biopolymers in the Food Industry; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Biopolymers; 2.1 Polysaccharide-based Films; 2.1.1 Alginate, Pectin, Carrageenan; 2.1.2 Chitosan and Pullulan; 2.1.3 Starch, Cellulose and Their Derivatives; 2.2 Protein-based Films; 2.2.1 Wheat Gluten and Corn Zein; 2.2.2 Caseinate and Whey Protein; 2.2.3 Soy Protein
3 A Technology for Green Composite Production3.1 Stratification; 3.2 Hand Lay-up Method; 3.3 Vacuum Bagging Method; 4 Materials and Hybrids; 4.1 Mechanical Characteristics; 4.2 Experimental Tests; 4.3 Advantage of Hybridation; 5 Manufacturing; 5.1 Case Study; 5.2 Mould Preparation; 5.3 "Skin Coat" Stratification; 5.4 Surface Finishing; 5.5 Vacuum Bag Preparation; 5.6 Vacuum Sealing; 5.7 Core Inclusion; 5.8 Lower Surface; 5.9 Final Finishing; 5.10 An Ecofriendly Artefact; 6 Discussion and Conclusion; 6.1 General Considerations; 6.2 New Functionalities
6.3 Green Composites and Environmental SustainabilityAcknowledgements; References; 3 Influence of Biodiesel Blends on Characteristics of Gaseous Emissions from Two Stroke, Low Speed Marine Diesel Engines; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Experimental Procedure; 3 Results and Discussion; 3.1 Engine/Propeller Parameters; 3.2 Exhaust Emission; 3.2.1 Oxides of Nitrogen, NOx; 3.2.2 Sulfur Dioxide, SO2; 3.2.3 Carbon Monoxide, CO; 3.2.4 Carbon Dioxide, CO2; 4 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Review of Synthetic Fuels and New Materials Production Based on Pyrolysis Technologies; Abstract
1 Introduction to the Biomass Pyrolysis Process2 Fast Biomass Pyrolysis Reactor Types; 2.1 Fluidized Bed Reactors; 2.2 Ablative Pyrolysis Reactors; 2.3 Vacuum Pyrolysis; 2.4 Microwave Pyrolysis; 2.5 Catalytic Pyrolysis; 2.6 Hydropyrolysis; 3 Liquid Products from the Pyrolysis Process; 4 Gaseous Products; 5 Solid Products; 6 Conclusion; References; 5 Biodegradable Polymers Based on Proteins and Carbohydrates; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Polysaccharides (Carbohydrates); 1.1.1 Thermoplastic Starch; 1.1.2 Cellulose and Its Derivatives; 1.1.3 Fibers (Lignocellulosic Complex)
1.1.4 Chitin and Chitosan1.1.5 Gums; 1.2 Polypeptides (Proteins); 1.2.1 Corn Zein; 1.2.2 Wheat Gluten; 1.2.3 Soy Protein; 1.2.4 Collagen and Gelatin; 1.2.5 Casein and Caseinates; 1.2.6 Whey Proteins; 1.2.7 Other Proteins; 2 Conclusions; References; 6 Application of Biopolymers in the Food Industry; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Biopolymers; 2.1 Polysaccharide-based Films; 2.1.1 Alginate, Pectin, Carrageenan; 2.1.2 Chitosan and Pullulan; 2.1.3 Starch, Cellulose and Their Derivatives; 2.2 Protein-based Films; 2.2.1 Wheat Gluten and Corn Zein; 2.2.2 Caseinate and Whey Protein; 2.2.3 Soy Protein