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Table of Contents
Preface; Scope; Acknowledgments; Contents; About the Authors; Part I: Particulate Charging Phenomena in Multiphase Flows; Chapter 1: Electrification of Particulate in Multiphase Flows; 1.1 Electrification of Particulate in Industrial Processes; 1.1.1 Electrification in Petroleum Industry; 1.1.2 Electrification in Shipping Industry; 1.1.3 Electrification in Powder Industry; 1.1.4 Electrostatic Precipitation Technology; 1.1.5 Electrostatic Spraying Technology; 1.1.6 Electrostatic Separation Technology; 1.2 Electrification of Particulate in Natural Phenomenon
1.2.1 Electrification in Wind-Blown Sand1.2.2 Electrification in Thunderstorm; 1.3 Influence of Particulate Electrification to Multiphase Flows; 1.3.1 Influence of Coulomb Force; 1.3.2 Influence of Electrostatic Discharge; 1.3.2.1 Causing Fires and Explosive Accidents; 1.3.2.2 Causing Electric Shock on Human Body; 1.3.2.3 Causing Interference to the Normal Operation of Electronic Equipment; 1.3.3 Influence of Electrostatic Induction; References; Chapter 2: Properties of Particulate in Multiphase Flows; 2.1 Particulate Forms; 2.2 Particulate
Fluid Interaction
2.3 Particulate
Particulate Interaction2.4 Basic Theory of Electrostatics Induced by Particulate Electrification; 2.4.1 Charge and Coulombś Law; 2.4.2 Electric Field and Gauss Theorem; 2.4.3 Electric Potential and Basic Electrostatic Field Equations; References; Part II: Basic Theory of Droplet Charging in Multiphase Flows; Chapter 3: Charging Ways and Basic Theories of Droplet Electrification; 3.1 Charging Ways of Droplet Electrification; 3.1.1 Streaming Electrification; 3.1.2 Settlement Electrification; 3.1.3 Injection Electrification; 3.1.4 Liquid Impingement Electrification
3.1.5 Splash Electrification3.1.6 Interface Electrification Between Gas-Liquid; 3.1.7 Diffusion Electrification; 3.2 Basic Theories of Droplet Electrification; 3.2.1 Contact Charging; 3.2.2 Induction Charging; 3.2.3 Corona Charging; 3.2.4 Interface Charging; 3.2.4.1 Temperature Gradient; 3.2.4.2 Chemical Potential Gradient; References; Chapter 4: Numerical Modeling Methods for Droplet Electrification; 4.1 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow and Electric Field; 4.1.1 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow; 4.1.2 Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Interface Tracking; 4.2 Coupling with Charging Model
4.2.1 Electrical Leakage Model4.2.2 Constant Charge Model; 4.3 Applications of Numerical Simulation on Droplet Electrification; 4.3.1 Movement of Electrified Liquid Droplets in Electric Fields; 4.3.2 Characteristic of Electrified Liquid in Electrostatic Spraying; References; Part III: Basic Theory of Particle Charging in Multiphase Flows; Chapter 5: Charging Ways and Basic Theories of Particle Electrification; 5.1 Charging Ways of Particle Electrification; 5.1.1 Crack Electrification; 5.1.2 Induced Electrification; 5.1.3 Attached Electrification; 5.1.4 Contact Electrification
1.2.1 Electrification in Wind-Blown Sand1.2.2 Electrification in Thunderstorm; 1.3 Influence of Particulate Electrification to Multiphase Flows; 1.3.1 Influence of Coulomb Force; 1.3.2 Influence of Electrostatic Discharge; 1.3.2.1 Causing Fires and Explosive Accidents; 1.3.2.2 Causing Electric Shock on Human Body; 1.3.2.3 Causing Interference to the Normal Operation of Electronic Equipment; 1.3.3 Influence of Electrostatic Induction; References; Chapter 2: Properties of Particulate in Multiphase Flows; 2.1 Particulate Forms; 2.2 Particulate
Fluid Interaction
2.3 Particulate
Particulate Interaction2.4 Basic Theory of Electrostatics Induced by Particulate Electrification; 2.4.1 Charge and Coulombś Law; 2.4.2 Electric Field and Gauss Theorem; 2.4.3 Electric Potential and Basic Electrostatic Field Equations; References; Part II: Basic Theory of Droplet Charging in Multiphase Flows; Chapter 3: Charging Ways and Basic Theories of Droplet Electrification; 3.1 Charging Ways of Droplet Electrification; 3.1.1 Streaming Electrification; 3.1.2 Settlement Electrification; 3.1.3 Injection Electrification; 3.1.4 Liquid Impingement Electrification
3.1.5 Splash Electrification3.1.6 Interface Electrification Between Gas-Liquid; 3.1.7 Diffusion Electrification; 3.2 Basic Theories of Droplet Electrification; 3.2.1 Contact Charging; 3.2.2 Induction Charging; 3.2.3 Corona Charging; 3.2.4 Interface Charging; 3.2.4.1 Temperature Gradient; 3.2.4.2 Chemical Potential Gradient; References; Chapter 4: Numerical Modeling Methods for Droplet Electrification; 4.1 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow and Electric Field; 4.1.1 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow; 4.1.2 Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Interface Tracking; 4.2 Coupling with Charging Model
4.2.1 Electrical Leakage Model4.2.2 Constant Charge Model; 4.3 Applications of Numerical Simulation on Droplet Electrification; 4.3.1 Movement of Electrified Liquid Droplets in Electric Fields; 4.3.2 Characteristic of Electrified Liquid in Electrostatic Spraying; References; Part III: Basic Theory of Particle Charging in Multiphase Flows; Chapter 5: Charging Ways and Basic Theories of Particle Electrification; 5.1 Charging Ways of Particle Electrification; 5.1.1 Crack Electrification; 5.1.2 Induced Electrification; 5.1.3 Attached Electrification; 5.1.4 Contact Electrification