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Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Hollow Fibers as Reinforcements; 1 High-Performance Composites Produced from Dry-Processable Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes; 1 Introduction; 2 Synthesis of Dry-Processable Carbon Nanotubes; 2.1 CNTs Prepared by Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition; 2.2 Vertically Aligned Nonspinnable and Spinnable CNT Arrays; 3 CNT Composites Produced by Wet Chemistry Methods; 4 CNT Composites Produced by Dry Processing Methods; 4.1 Aligned MWCNT Arrays as Composites Reinforcements; 4.2 FCCVD-Produced MWCNT Films for Strong Composites
4.3 Layered Assembly of Aligned CNT Films for Multifunctional Composites4.4 Micro-Combing for Producing Strong CNT Films and Composites; 5 Opportunities and Challenges; References; 2 Composites Reinforced with Hollow Natural Organic Fibrous Structures; 1 Introduction; 2 Hollow Fibrous Reinforcements; 2.1 Wheat Straw; 2.2 Rice Straw; 2.3 Bamboo; 2.4 Sugarcane Bagasse; 2.5 Composites Reinforced with Natural Cellulose Fibers; 2.6 Stalks as Reinforcement; 2.7 Perennial Grasses as Reinforcement; 2.8 Porous Light-Weight Composites Developed Using Poultry Feathers; 3 Conclusions; References
Part II: Engineering Porous/Hollow Structures by Manipulating Reinforcing Fibers3 Hollow/Porous Three-Dimensional Woven Structure Reinforced Composites; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Definition of 3D Woven Fabrics; 1.2 Classification of 3D Woven Fabrics; 1.3 Weave Structures and Properties; 2 Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structures; 2.1 Design of Hollow/Porous Woven Structures as Reinforcements; 2.1.1 Cross-Sectional Shapes; Triangle; Hexagon; Trapezoid; Mixed Shape; 2.1.2 Tunnel Directions; 2.1.3 Structural Parameters of Hollow 3D Woven Structures; 2.1.4 Constitutions of Yarn System
2.1.5 Definition of Structural Parameters2.2 Geometric Models of Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structures; 2.2.1 Orientation Angle of Binders and Warps; 2.2.2 Length of each Yarn System; 2.3 Volume Fractions of Fiber and Hollow Part; 2.3.1 Volume Fraction of Fiber in the Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structure Composites; 2.3.2 Volume Fraction of Hollow Part in the Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structure Composites; 2.4 Effect of Structural Parameter on the Volume Fraction of Fiber/Hollow Part; 3 Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Fabric Production and the Composite Preparation; 3.1 Production of Spacer Fabrics
3.2 Preparation of the Composites3.2.1 Description of the VARIM Process; 3.2.2 Automatic Control of the VARIM System; 4 Applications of Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structure Reinforced Composites; 4.1 Possible Applications; 4.2 Future Trends; References; 4 Virtual Testing of Three-Dimensional Hollow/Porous Braided Composites; 1 Introduction; 2 3D Hollow/Porous Braided Composites; 2.1 Porous Matrix; 2.2 Hollow Fiber Reinforcement; 2.3 Hollow Structures; 3 Virtual Testing of 3D Hollow/Porous Braided Composites; 3.1 Virtual Testing of Composites; 3.1.1 Geometrical Modeling; 3.1.2 Analytical Models
4.3 Layered Assembly of Aligned CNT Films for Multifunctional Composites4.4 Micro-Combing for Producing Strong CNT Films and Composites; 5 Opportunities and Challenges; References; 2 Composites Reinforced with Hollow Natural Organic Fibrous Structures; 1 Introduction; 2 Hollow Fibrous Reinforcements; 2.1 Wheat Straw; 2.2 Rice Straw; 2.3 Bamboo; 2.4 Sugarcane Bagasse; 2.5 Composites Reinforced with Natural Cellulose Fibers; 2.6 Stalks as Reinforcement; 2.7 Perennial Grasses as Reinforcement; 2.8 Porous Light-Weight Composites Developed Using Poultry Feathers; 3 Conclusions; References
Part II: Engineering Porous/Hollow Structures by Manipulating Reinforcing Fibers3 Hollow/Porous Three-Dimensional Woven Structure Reinforced Composites; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Definition of 3D Woven Fabrics; 1.2 Classification of 3D Woven Fabrics; 1.3 Weave Structures and Properties; 2 Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structures; 2.1 Design of Hollow/Porous Woven Structures as Reinforcements; 2.1.1 Cross-Sectional Shapes; Triangle; Hexagon; Trapezoid; Mixed Shape; 2.1.2 Tunnel Directions; 2.1.3 Structural Parameters of Hollow 3D Woven Structures; 2.1.4 Constitutions of Yarn System
2.1.5 Definition of Structural Parameters2.2 Geometric Models of Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structures; 2.2.1 Orientation Angle of Binders and Warps; 2.2.2 Length of each Yarn System; 2.3 Volume Fractions of Fiber and Hollow Part; 2.3.1 Volume Fraction of Fiber in the Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structure Composites; 2.3.2 Volume Fraction of Hollow Part in the Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structure Composites; 2.4 Effect of Structural Parameter on the Volume Fraction of Fiber/Hollow Part; 3 Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Fabric Production and the Composite Preparation; 3.1 Production of Spacer Fabrics
3.2 Preparation of the Composites3.2.1 Description of the VARIM Process; 3.2.2 Automatic Control of the VARIM System; 4 Applications of Hollow/Porous 3D Woven Structure Reinforced Composites; 4.1 Possible Applications; 4.2 Future Trends; References; 4 Virtual Testing of Three-Dimensional Hollow/Porous Braided Composites; 1 Introduction; 2 3D Hollow/Porous Braided Composites; 2.1 Porous Matrix; 2.2 Hollow Fiber Reinforcement; 2.3 Hollow Structures; 3 Virtual Testing of 3D Hollow/Porous Braided Composites; 3.1 Virtual Testing of Composites; 3.1.1 Geometrical Modeling; 3.1.2 Analytical Models