Experiments on the thermodynamics of information processing / Momčilo Gavrilov.

Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Information in Thermodynamics; 1.1.1 Maxwell's Demon; 1.1.2 Szilárd Engine; 1.2 Energetic Cost for Information Processing; 1.2.1 Storing and Erasing Memory in Physical Systems; 1.3 Stochastic Thermodynamics; 1.3.1 Traditional Macroscopic Thermodynamics; 1.3.2 Stochastic Thermodynamics; 1.3.3 Stochastic Work and Heat; 1.3.4 Numerical Estimates of Work and Heat; 1.3.5 Fluctuation Theorems; 1.3.6 Generalized Fluctuation Theorems; 1.3.7 Fluctuations in Heat; 1.4 Experimental Techniques; 1.4.1 Optical Tweezers

1.4.2 Electric Forces1.4.3 Thermally Driven Engines and Traps; 1.4.4 Hydrodynamic and Acoustic Traps; 1.4.5 Multiple-Object Traps; 1.4.6 Atomic-Force Microscopy; 1.4.7 Fluctuation Theorems and Information in Other Environments; 1.5 Summary; References; 2 Feedback Trap; 2.1 Contributions to This Chapter; 2.2 Experimental Setup; 2.2.1 Fluorescence-Based Imaging Feedback Trap; 2.2.2 Darkfield-Based-Illumination Feedback Trap; 2.2.3 Working Particles and Latest Experimental Setup; References; 3 Real-Time Calibration of a Feedback Trap; 3.1 Contributions to This Chapter; 3.2 Feedback Trap

3.3 Particle Dynamics in a Feedback Trap3.3.1 Coupled One-Dimensional Equations of Motion; 3.3.2 Reduction to a Single Equation of Motion; 3.3.3 Generating Feedback Voltages; 3.4 Online Parameter Estimation; 3.4.1 Recursive Least Squares (RLS); 3.4.2 Decorrelating the Noise; 3.4.3 Time-Dependent Parameters; 3.4.4 Recursive Maximum Likelihood (RML); 3.5 Two-Dimensional Feedback Trap; 3.6 Simulations; 3.6.1 RLS Estimate; 3.7 Experimental Data; 3.7.1 Recursive Maximum Likelihood (RML) Algorithm; 3.7.2 Estimating the Diffusion Constant; 3.8 Effect of Camera Exposure; 3.9 Control Program

3.9.1 Overview3.9.2 Details; 3.10 Conclusion; References; 4 High-Precision Test of Landauer's Principle; 4.1 Contributions to This Chapter; 4.2 Introduction; 4.3 Testing Landauer's Principle; 4.3.1 Bits Encoded in a Feedback Trap; 4.4 Trapping Potential and the Erasure Protocol; 4.4.1 Erasure Protocol and Control Functions; 4.4.2 Data Acquisition and Work Estimate; 4.5 Analysis; 4.6 Conclusion; 4.7 Appendix: Barrier Heights and Dwell Time; References; 5 Erasure Without Work in an Asymmetric, Double-Well Potential; 5.1 Contributions to This Chapter; 5.2 Introduction

5.2.1 Landauer's Principle in a Complex Environment5.3 Virtual Potential for Asymmetric Bits; 5.4 Data Acquisition; 5.4.1 Protocol and Control Functions for the Asymmetric Erasure; 5.5 Analysis; 5.6 Generalized Landauer's Principle; 5.7 Discretization Effects; 5.8 Work to Erase Asymmetric One-Bit Memory in a Virtual Potential; 5.9 Conclusion; References; 6 Thermodynamical and Logical Irreversibility; 6.1 Contributions to This Chapter; 6.2 Introduction; 6.3 Thermodynamical and Logical Irreversibility in Asymmetric Erasure; 6.3.1 The Erasure Protocol and Work Estimation