Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
Dedication; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Developing a New Medicine; 1.2 Key Risks at the Candidate Selection Stage; 1.3 Attrition in the Pharmaceutical Industry; 1.4 Evolution of the Pharma R&D Over the Last Two Decades; 1.5 Pharma R&D Productivity in Decline; 1.6 Cost of Pharma R&D and Cost Up to Candidate Selection; 1.7 Increased Risks in Developing a Topical Drug; 1.8 Increased Opportunities to Develop a Topical Drug; References; Chapter 2: Choosing Topical Drug Candidate: Historical Overview
2.1 The Pragmatic Topical Drug Development Approach: An Existing Oral/Systemic Drug is Further Developed as a Topical2.1.1 Local Anaesthetics (<1900); 2.1.2 Corticosteroids (1952); 2.1.3 Retinoids (1962); 2.1.4 Antifungals (1967); 2.1.5 NSAIDS (1971); 2.1.6 Antivirals (1983); 2.1.7 Vitamin D3 Derivatives (Late 1980s); 2.1.8 Immunosuppressors (1992); 2.1.9 Summary; 2.2 Moving towards Improved Topical Drug Candidate Selection Processes: Use of In Vivo Models; 2.2.1 The Particular Case of Corticosteroids: Use of Human Models (Early 1960s); 2.2.2 Topical Rodent Models (1960s)
2.2.3 Combined Use of Topical Models and Systemic Rodent Models (1980s)2.2.4 Use of Topical Pig Models (1990s); 2.3 Historical Topical Drug Candidate Selection Summary; References; Chapter 3: Key Factors Affecting the Efficacy of a Topical Drug Candidate: Learnings from Past Topical Drug Development; 3.1 Skin Barrier Condition vs. "Easiness" of Topical Drug Development; 3.1.1 Skin and Its Barrier; 3.1.2 Skin Disease, Target Site in Skin and Skin Barrier Properties; 3.1.3 Success Rate of First in Class Topical Drugs; 3.1.3.1 Easy Development Drug Class; 3.1.3.2 Difficult Development Drug Class
3.1.4 Summary of Impact of Skin Disease, Its Target Site, Its Barrier and Success Rate of Topical Drug Development3.2 Drug Potency and Clinical Efficacy; References; Chapter 4: Topical Versus Oral/Systemic Drug Discovery; 4.1 Drug Discovery Evolution; 4.2 Oral/Systemic Drug Discovery; 4.3 Topical Drug Discovery; 4.4 Two Key Differences in Discharging Risk in Between the Oral/Systemic and Topical Drug Discovery Processes; 4.4.1 Defining Target Tissue (Skin) Concentration; 4.4.2 Checking that Pharmacokinetic Parameters Are Appropriate; 4.4.2.1 Bioavailability and Delivery Rate
4.4.2.2 Concept of "Half-Life" in Topical Therapy4.5 Consequences for Preclinical Stage: "Maximising Percutaneous Flux"; 4.6 Learnings from the Oral Drug Development Process; References; Chapter 5: Assessing Drug Concentration in Skin: Direct and Indirect Methods; 5.1 Direct Methods; 5.1.1 Tape Stripping (Vitro/Vivo); 5.1.1.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.1.2 Pros; 5.1.1.3 Cons; 5.1.2 Skin Biopsy; 5.1.2.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.2.2 Pros; 5.1.2.3 Cons; 5.1.3 In Vitro Percutaneous Studies: Skin Tissue Concentration; 5.1.3.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.3.2 Pros; 5.1.3.3 Cons; 5.1.4 Suction Blister.
2.1 The Pragmatic Topical Drug Development Approach: An Existing Oral/Systemic Drug is Further Developed as a Topical2.1.1 Local Anaesthetics (<1900); 2.1.2 Corticosteroids (1952); 2.1.3 Retinoids (1962); 2.1.4 Antifungals (1967); 2.1.5 NSAIDS (1971); 2.1.6 Antivirals (1983); 2.1.7 Vitamin D3 Derivatives (Late 1980s); 2.1.8 Immunosuppressors (1992); 2.1.9 Summary; 2.2 Moving towards Improved Topical Drug Candidate Selection Processes: Use of In Vivo Models; 2.2.1 The Particular Case of Corticosteroids: Use of Human Models (Early 1960s); 2.2.2 Topical Rodent Models (1960s)
2.2.3 Combined Use of Topical Models and Systemic Rodent Models (1980s)2.2.4 Use of Topical Pig Models (1990s); 2.3 Historical Topical Drug Candidate Selection Summary; References; Chapter 3: Key Factors Affecting the Efficacy of a Topical Drug Candidate: Learnings from Past Topical Drug Development; 3.1 Skin Barrier Condition vs. "Easiness" of Topical Drug Development; 3.1.1 Skin and Its Barrier; 3.1.2 Skin Disease, Target Site in Skin and Skin Barrier Properties; 3.1.3 Success Rate of First in Class Topical Drugs; 3.1.3.1 Easy Development Drug Class; 3.1.3.2 Difficult Development Drug Class
3.1.4 Summary of Impact of Skin Disease, Its Target Site, Its Barrier and Success Rate of Topical Drug Development3.2 Drug Potency and Clinical Efficacy; References; Chapter 4: Topical Versus Oral/Systemic Drug Discovery; 4.1 Drug Discovery Evolution; 4.2 Oral/Systemic Drug Discovery; 4.3 Topical Drug Discovery; 4.4 Two Key Differences in Discharging Risk in Between the Oral/Systemic and Topical Drug Discovery Processes; 4.4.1 Defining Target Tissue (Skin) Concentration; 4.4.2 Checking that Pharmacokinetic Parameters Are Appropriate; 4.4.2.1 Bioavailability and Delivery Rate
4.4.2.2 Concept of "Half-Life" in Topical Therapy4.5 Consequences for Preclinical Stage: "Maximising Percutaneous Flux"; 4.6 Learnings from the Oral Drug Development Process; References; Chapter 5: Assessing Drug Concentration in Skin: Direct and Indirect Methods; 5.1 Direct Methods; 5.1.1 Tape Stripping (Vitro/Vivo); 5.1.1.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.1.2 Pros; 5.1.1.3 Cons; 5.1.2 Skin Biopsy; 5.1.2.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.2.2 Pros; 5.1.2.3 Cons; 5.1.3 In Vitro Percutaneous Studies: Skin Tissue Concentration; 5.1.3.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.3.2 Pros; 5.1.3.3 Cons; 5.1.4 Suction Blister.