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Preface; Contents; Contributors; Evolutionary Foundations of Psychiatric Compared to Nonpsychiatric Disorders; Introduction; General Background; Relevance of Evolutionary Social Sciences for Medicine; An Evolutionary Social Behavioral Sciences Approach to Medical Disorders; Differences in the Evolutionary Biology and Cultural Psychobiology of Medical and Nonmedical Disorders (CMI and CPI); General Considerations; Factors Shaping Biopsychosocial Character of Medical Disorders; Evolutionary Imperatives Shaped Social Environments

Evolutionary Imperatives and Necessities Shaped the Internal Environments of the Genus Homo Architecture and Manufacture of Health Problems and Pathologies; Intra- and Intersystem Connectedness and Effects; Explaining Distal Effects in Proximal Terms; Additional Considerations; Comment; Evolutionary Focus: A Complement to the Categorization Approach in Psychiatry; General Considerations; A Prototype of Evolutionary Impressionability; Conclusions; References

Taking People as They Are: Evolutionary Psychopathology, Uncomplicated Depression, and Distinction between Normal and Disordered Sadness Introduction; Why Is Evolutionary Psychopathology Important?; The Struggle to See Ourselves as We Are: Some Historical Asides; The Challenge of Valid Diagnosis; The Special Challenge of Validly Diagnosing Depressive Disorder; How Do You Tell a Disorder from a Non-disorder? The Harmful Dysfunction Evolution-Based Analysis of the Concept of Medical Disorder; DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder

The Ubiquity and Heterogeneity of DSM-Defined Major Depression Uncomplicated Depression and the Bereavement Exclusion; Objections to the 2007 Study; Recurrence of Depression; Suicide; Generalized Anxiety Disorder as a Predictive Validator of Major Depression; Objections to Prospective Validators; Durational Limit for Uncomplicated Episodes; Conclusion; References; Depression: Is Rumination Really Adaptive?; Introduction; An Illustrative Case of Depressive Rumination; What is Rumination?; The Analytical Rumination Hypothesis; Metacognitive Therapy

Comparing the Analytical Rumination Hypothesis with Metacognitive Therapy Findings from Clinical Trials Implementing Metacognitive Therapy; Process Research: Is the Actual Change Due to the Specified Treatment Model?; Discussion: Is Rumination Adaptive?; Conclusions; References; The Evolution of Social Anxiety; Introduction; The Benefits of Studying SA in Nonhuman Species; Building an Evolutionary Model of Social Anxiety; Clinical Models of SA; Evolutionary Models of SA; Challenges to Existing Evolutionary SA Models; The Reality of Primate Conflict Behavior; Nuances of Social Behavior in Human SA.

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