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1 Introduction and Overview; Abstract; 1.1 Brucella; 1.1.1 B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. suis; 1.1.2 B. canis and B. ovis; 1.1.3 Other Brucella Species; 1.2 Biological Functions of Metals and the Importance of Metal Homeostasis in Living Cells; 1.3 Metal Homeostasis in Brucella Strains; References; 2 Iron; Abstract; 2.1 Fe as a Micronutrient for Brucella Strains; 2.2 The Mammalian Host Is an Fe-Deprived Environment; 2.3 Fe Acquisition by Brucella; 2.3.1 Siderophore Production; 2.3.2 Fe3+-Siderophore Transport Systems in Brucella
2.3.3 Siderophore Production and Virulence of Brucella abortus in Pregnant Ruminants2.3.4 Heme as an Fe Source for Brucella Strains; 2.3.5 Ferrous Iron Transport by Brucella Strains; 2.3.6 Siderophore-Independent Transport of Fe3+ in Brucella; 2.4 Detoxification of Excess Intracellular Fe by Brucella Strains; 2.4.1 Bacterioferritin and Dps; 2.4.2 MbfA; 2.5 Regulation of Fe Homeostasis in Brucella; 2.5.1 Irr; 2.5.2 RirA; 2.5.3 DhbR and Other Fe Source-Specific Regulators; 2.5.4 BsrH; 2.6 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 3 Manganese; Abstract
3.1 Manganese as a Micronutrient and Bacterial Mn Transport3.2 MntH-Mediated Mn Transport Is Critical for the Basic Biology and Virulence of Brucella Strains; 3.3 Mn-Dependent Proteins that Contribute to the Virulence of Brucella Strains; 3.3.1 SodA; 3.3.2 PykM; 3.3.3 Rsh; 3.3.4 Pcs; 3.3.5 BpdA and BpdB; 3.4 Manganese as an Antioxidant; 3.5 Manganese Homeostasis; 3.5.1 Mur; 3.5.2 EmfA; 3.6 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 4 The Role of Zinc in the Biology and Virulence of Brucella Strains; Abstract; 4.1 Zinc Import by ZnuABC; 4.2 Zinc Export by ZntA
4.3 Zinc-Responsive Transcriptional Regulators Zur and ZntR4.4 Zinc-Dependent Proteins in Brucella; 4.4.1 The Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase C (SodC); 4.4.2 The Transcriptional Regulatory Protein MucR; 4.4.3 The Type IV Secretion System Effector Protein RicA; 4.4.4 Other Potential Zinc-Containing Proteins in Brucella; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Nickel Homeostasis in Brucella spp.; Abstract; 5.1 Nickel Import by NikABCDE and NikKMLQO; 5.2 The Nickel and Cobalt Exporter RcnA; 5.3 Nickel-Responsive Regulators NikR and RcnR; 5.4 Nickel-Dependent Proteins in Brucella; 5.4.1 Urease
5.4.2 Other Potential Nickel-Containing Proteins in BrucellaAcknowledgements; References; 6 Magnesium, Copper and Cobalt; Abstract; 6.1 Magnesium; 6.1.1 CorA, MgtE and MgtB; 6.1.2 MgtC; 6.2 Copper; 6.3 Cobalt; 6.4 Cobalamin Transport; 6.5 Conclusions; References
2.3.3 Siderophore Production and Virulence of Brucella abortus in Pregnant Ruminants2.3.4 Heme as an Fe Source for Brucella Strains; 2.3.5 Ferrous Iron Transport by Brucella Strains; 2.3.6 Siderophore-Independent Transport of Fe3+ in Brucella; 2.4 Detoxification of Excess Intracellular Fe by Brucella Strains; 2.4.1 Bacterioferritin and Dps; 2.4.2 MbfA; 2.5 Regulation of Fe Homeostasis in Brucella; 2.5.1 Irr; 2.5.2 RirA; 2.5.3 DhbR and Other Fe Source-Specific Regulators; 2.5.4 BsrH; 2.6 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 3 Manganese; Abstract
3.1 Manganese as a Micronutrient and Bacterial Mn Transport3.2 MntH-Mediated Mn Transport Is Critical for the Basic Biology and Virulence of Brucella Strains; 3.3 Mn-Dependent Proteins that Contribute to the Virulence of Brucella Strains; 3.3.1 SodA; 3.3.2 PykM; 3.3.3 Rsh; 3.3.4 Pcs; 3.3.5 BpdA and BpdB; 3.4 Manganese as an Antioxidant; 3.5 Manganese Homeostasis; 3.5.1 Mur; 3.5.2 EmfA; 3.6 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 4 The Role of Zinc in the Biology and Virulence of Brucella Strains; Abstract; 4.1 Zinc Import by ZnuABC; 4.2 Zinc Export by ZntA
4.3 Zinc-Responsive Transcriptional Regulators Zur and ZntR4.4 Zinc-Dependent Proteins in Brucella; 4.4.1 The Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase C (SodC); 4.4.2 The Transcriptional Regulatory Protein MucR; 4.4.3 The Type IV Secretion System Effector Protein RicA; 4.4.4 Other Potential Zinc-Containing Proteins in Brucella; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Nickel Homeostasis in Brucella spp.; Abstract; 5.1 Nickel Import by NikABCDE and NikKMLQO; 5.2 The Nickel and Cobalt Exporter RcnA; 5.3 Nickel-Responsive Regulators NikR and RcnR; 5.4 Nickel-Dependent Proteins in Brucella; 5.4.1 Urease
5.4.2 Other Potential Nickel-Containing Proteins in BrucellaAcknowledgements; References; 6 Magnesium, Copper and Cobalt; Abstract; 6.1 Magnesium; 6.1.1 CorA, MgtE and MgtB; 6.1.2 MgtC; 6.2 Copper; 6.3 Cobalt; 6.4 Cobalamin Transport; 6.5 Conclusions; References