Foreword; Preface; Contents; About the Editor; Chapter 1: History, Discovery, and Classification of lncRNAs; 1.1 A Hundred-Years History of RNA Biology; 1.1.1 From "Nuclein" to Nucleic Acids and to the Double Helix; 1.1.2 A Central Role for RNA in Cell Biology: The RNA World Concept; 1.1.3 Bacterial sRNAs: Pioneers of Regulatory ncRNAs; 1.1.4 MicroRNAs and RNA Interference; 1.2 LncRNA Discovery in the Pre-genomic Era; 1.2.1 H19: The Very First Eukaryote lncRNA Gene; 1.2.2 X Inactivation: Existence of Xist; 1.3 From Non-coding Genome to Non-coding Transcriptome: The Genomic Era

1.3.1 The Human Genome Project: Genomic DNA Is Mostly Non-coding1.3.2 Pervasive Transcription and the Dark Matter of the Genome; 1.4 Non-coding RNAs: Junk or Functional; 1.4.1 Origin of lncRNA Genes; 1.4.2 Evolutionary Conservation of lncRNAs; 1.4.3 Role of lncRNAs in Biological Diversity; 1.5 The General Portrait of lncRNA Genes and Transcripts; 1.5.1 Coding Potential of lncRNA Genes; 1.5.2 LncRNA Transcription and Transcript Organization; 1.5.3 Chromatin Signatures of lncRNAs Genes; 1.5.4 Expression Pattern of lncRNAs: Stability, Specificity, and Abundance

1.5.5 Subcellular Localization of lncRNAs1.5.6 Structure of lncRNAs; 1.6 Classification of lncRNAs; 1.6.1 Classification According to lncRNA Length; 1.6.2 Classification According to lncRNA Location with Respect to PCGs; 1.6.3 Classification According to lncRNA Residence Within Specific DNA Regulatory Elements and Loci; 1.6.4 Classification According to lncRNA Biogenesis Pathways; 1.6.5 Classification According to lncRNA Subcellular Localization or Origin; 1.6.6 Classification According to lncRNA Function; 1.6.7 Classification According to lncRNA Association with Specific Biological Processes

1.6.8 Future Challenges in lncRNA Annotation and ClassificationReferences; Chapter 2: Long Noncoding RNA: Genome Organization and Mechanism of Action; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 lncRNA and Chromatin Regulation; 2.3 lncRNAs Regulate Chromatin Structure via Histone Modifications; 2.4 lncRNAs Regulate Chromatin Remodeling; 2.5 eRNAs and Higher-Order Chromatin Organization; 2.6 Long Noncoding RNAs in Genomic Imprinting; 2.7 Posttranscriptional Regulation by lncRNAs; 2.8 lncRNAs in Staufen-Mediated mRNA Decay; 2.9 Biology of Natural Antisense Transcripts

2.10 lncRNA-Mediated Regulation of Protein Activity2.11 Nuclear Architecture and Long Noncoding RNAs; 2.12 lncRNAs and Nucleolar Function; 2.13 lncRNAs Are Critical Components of Paraspeckles; 2.14 lncRNAs in Nuclear Speckles and Polycomb Bodies; 2.15 lncRNA and Topological Organization of Multichromosomal Regions; 2.16 lncRNAs and Centromere Function; 2.17 Conclusion and Outlook; References; Chapter 3: From Heterochromatin to Long Noncoding RNAs in Drosophila: Expanding the Arena of Gene Function and Regulation; 3.1 Introduction