Preface; Contents; List of Contributors; List of Abbreviations; Chapter 1: On the Role of Cash in East Asia; References; Part I: Cash and Its Impact on Society; Chapter 2: The Use of Cash in Europe and East Asia; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Two Basic Facts About the Use of Cash; 2.2.1 Increased Cash to GDP Ratio; 2.2.2 The Wide Variation of Cash to GDP Ratio Across Countries; 2.3 What Is the Role of Cash?; 2.4 Arguments in Favour of the Abolition of Cash; 2.4.1 ``The Existence of Cash Limits the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy;́́ 2.4.2 ``Cash Facilitates Illicit Activity and Tax Evasioń́

2.4.3 ``Digital Currencies such as Bitcoin Replace Cash2́́.5 Final Thoughts and Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: New Estimates for the Shadow Economies of 11 Asian Countries from 2000 to 2014; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Some Theoretical Considerations About the Shadow Economy; 3.2.1 Short Literature Review; 3.2.2 Definition of the Shadow Economy; 3.2.3 Causes of the Shadow Economy; 3.2.3.1 Tax and Social Security Contribution Burdens; 3.2.3.2 Intensity of Regulations; 3.2.3.3 Public Sector Services; 3.2.3.4 Quality of Public Institutions; 3.2.3.5 Official Economy

3.2.4 Indication of the Shadow Economy3.2.4.1 Monetary Indicators; 3.2.4.2 Labour Market Indicators; 3.2.4.3 State of the Official Economy; 3.3 The Size of the Shadow Economy of 11 Asian Countries; 3.3.1 Econometric Methodology; 3.3.2 Econometric Results; 3.3.3 The Size of the Shadow Economy of 11 Asian Countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, the...; 3.4 Summary and Policy Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: De-monetisation, Re-monetisation, and Parallel Currencies in North Korea; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 De-monetised North Korea

4.3 Re-monetisation since the Mid-1990s4.4 The Currency Reform of 2009; 4.5 The Symbolism of North Korean Banknotes; 4.6 The Choco Pie Mystery and Two Competing Currencies; 4.7 Present Status and Outlook; References; Part II: Cash and Monetary Policy; Chapter 5: Domestic Liquidity Conditions and Monetary Policy in Singapore; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Singaporeś Monetary Policy Framework; 5.3 Currency Management and Domestic Liquidity Impact; 5.4 Cash in Circulation; References; Chapter 6: Fully Reserve-Backed Money: A Solution to Japanś Fiscal and Monetary Challenges; 6.1 Background and Outline

6.2 Japanś Fiscal and Monetary Policy Challenges6.2.1 Government Debt; 6.2.2 Quantitative and Qualitative Easing; 6.2.3 Fundamental Uncertainties Surrounding Fiscal and Monetary Policy; 6.3 Fully Reserve-Backed Money; 6.3.1 Basic Outline; 6.3.2 Critical Issues; 6.3.3 A ``Chicago Plan ́́for Japan; 6.4 Concluding Remarks; References; Part III: On the Way to Cashless Societies?; Chapter 7: A Coinless Society as a Bridge to a Cashless Society: A Korean Experiment; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Current Status of Non-cash Payments in Korea; 7.3 Expected Benefits and Costs; 7.3.1 Benefits; 7.3.2 Costs