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Foreword; Contents; Part I: Evolution of the Brain; Chapter 1: Overview of Brain Evolution: Lobe-Finned Fish vs. Ray-Finned Fish; 1.1 Introduction: Phylogenetic Relationships of Vertebrates; 1.2 Regionalization of the Brain; 1.2.1 Brain Morphogenesis at Early Stages; 1.2.2 Diversity of Brain Morphology in Adults; 1.2.3 Different Models of Forebrain Regionalization; 1.2.4 Implication of the New Model on the Anatomical Definition of the Anterior Forebrain; 1.3 Basic Organization of the Pallium; 1.3.1 Enlargement of the Pallium in "Intelligent" Species; 1.3.2 The Pallium as an Integration Center
1.3.3 Anatomical Organization of the Pallium and Questions of Homology1.3.3.1 Three Classical Subdivisions: The Hippocampal, General, and Piriform Pallia; 1.3.3.2 The Fourth Subdivision: The Ventral Pallium; 1.3.3.3 Do the Four Subdivisions Really Exist?; 1.4 Evolvability of the Nervous Systems: Lessons from the Dopamine Systems; 1.4.1 Gene Duplication and Gene Loss; 1.4.2 A Large Diversity of Dopamine Systems; 1.4.3 To What Extent Is the Basal Ganglia Circuitry Conserved?; 1.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: The Origins of the Bird Brain: Multiple Pulses of Cerebral Expansion in Evolution
2.1 Introduction2.2 From Water to Land: Emergence of Amniotes; 2.2.1 Timeline; 2.2.2 Early Amniotes; 2.2.3 Brain Development; 2.2.4 Selective Factors; 2.2.4.1 Terrestrial Habitat; 2.2.4.2 Parental Investment; 2.3 From Large to Small: Dinosaurs in the Bird Stem Lineage; 2.3.1 Timeline; 2.3.2 Dinosaurs in the Bird Stem Lineage; 2.3.3 Brain Development; 2.3.4 Selective Factors; 2.3.4.1 Predatory Behavior; 2.3.4.2 Body Miniaturization; 2.4 From Cold to Warm: Flying Birds; 2.4.1 Timeline; 2.4.2 Diversification of Modern Birds; 2.4.3 Brain Development; 2.4.4 Selective Factors; 2.4.4.1 Flight
2.4.4.2 Endothermy2.5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 3: The Evolution of Mammalian Brains from Early Mammals to Present-Day Primates; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Early Mammals; 3.3 Placental Mammals; 3.4 The Brain of Early Primates; 3.5 The Brains of Early Monkeys; 3.6 The Evolution of Apes and Ape Brains; 3.7 The Evolution of the Brains of Modern Humans; References; Chapter 4: Developmental Sequences Predict Increased Connectivity in Brain Evolution: A Comparative Analysis of Developmental Timing, Gene Expression, Neuron Numbers, and Diffusion MR Tractography; 4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Conservation in Developmental Sequences4.1.2 Variation in Developmental Duration; 4.1.3 Isocortical Development; 4.1.4 Cerebellar Development; 4.1.5 Selective Changes in Neurogenesis Timing; 4.2 Species Differences in Projection Patterns; 4.3 Developmental Sources of Change in the Brain and Behavior; 4.4 Summary; References; Part II: Evolution of Cognition; Chapter 5: The Evolution of Cognitive Brains in Non-mammals; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Relative Brain Size and Cognition; 5.2.1 Innovative Behavior and the Brain; 5.2.2 Making a Smarter Fish; 5.3 Tool Use in Birds
1.3.3 Anatomical Organization of the Pallium and Questions of Homology1.3.3.1 Three Classical Subdivisions: The Hippocampal, General, and Piriform Pallia; 1.3.3.2 The Fourth Subdivision: The Ventral Pallium; 1.3.3.3 Do the Four Subdivisions Really Exist?; 1.4 Evolvability of the Nervous Systems: Lessons from the Dopamine Systems; 1.4.1 Gene Duplication and Gene Loss; 1.4.2 A Large Diversity of Dopamine Systems; 1.4.3 To What Extent Is the Basal Ganglia Circuitry Conserved?; 1.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: The Origins of the Bird Brain: Multiple Pulses of Cerebral Expansion in Evolution
2.1 Introduction2.2 From Water to Land: Emergence of Amniotes; 2.2.1 Timeline; 2.2.2 Early Amniotes; 2.2.3 Brain Development; 2.2.4 Selective Factors; 2.2.4.1 Terrestrial Habitat; 2.2.4.2 Parental Investment; 2.3 From Large to Small: Dinosaurs in the Bird Stem Lineage; 2.3.1 Timeline; 2.3.2 Dinosaurs in the Bird Stem Lineage; 2.3.3 Brain Development; 2.3.4 Selective Factors; 2.3.4.1 Predatory Behavior; 2.3.4.2 Body Miniaturization; 2.4 From Cold to Warm: Flying Birds; 2.4.1 Timeline; 2.4.2 Diversification of Modern Birds; 2.4.3 Brain Development; 2.4.4 Selective Factors; 2.4.4.1 Flight
2.4.4.2 Endothermy2.5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 3: The Evolution of Mammalian Brains from Early Mammals to Present-Day Primates; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Early Mammals; 3.3 Placental Mammals; 3.4 The Brain of Early Primates; 3.5 The Brains of Early Monkeys; 3.6 The Evolution of Apes and Ape Brains; 3.7 The Evolution of the Brains of Modern Humans; References; Chapter 4: Developmental Sequences Predict Increased Connectivity in Brain Evolution: A Comparative Analysis of Developmental Timing, Gene Expression, Neuron Numbers, and Diffusion MR Tractography; 4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Conservation in Developmental Sequences4.1.2 Variation in Developmental Duration; 4.1.3 Isocortical Development; 4.1.4 Cerebellar Development; 4.1.5 Selective Changes in Neurogenesis Timing; 4.2 Species Differences in Projection Patterns; 4.3 Developmental Sources of Change in the Brain and Behavior; 4.4 Summary; References; Part II: Evolution of Cognition; Chapter 5: The Evolution of Cognitive Brains in Non-mammals; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Relative Brain Size and Cognition; 5.2.1 Innovative Behavior and the Brain; 5.2.2 Making a Smarter Fish; 5.3 Tool Use in Birds