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Preface; Preface to the Series; Contents; Contributors; 1: Development of the Uterine Cervix and Its Implications for the Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer; Introduction; Development of the Lower Female Reproductive Tract; Immunophenotypic Characterization of the Developing Human Fetal Squamocolumnar Junction; Progenitor Cells in the Adult Squamocolumnar Junction; Definition of the Cervical Transformation Zone (TZ); Squamous Metaplasia; Potential Target Cells for HPV Infection; Premalignant Lesions; Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL)
High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) Adenocarcinoma In Situ (AIS); References; 2: Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs); Introduction; Classification; HPV Genome Organization and Life Cycle; Epidemiology; Prevalence in the General Population; Clearance and Risk; Prevalence in Disease (Histological); Prevalence in Disease (Cytologically Defined); Host Defenses; HPV Immunization; Delivery and Immunogenicity; Therapeutic Vaccines; Impact (Prophylactic Vaccines); HPV Testing; Justification for HPV Testing; Targets and Types of HR-HPV Test
Tools and Biomarkers for the Risk Stratification of HR-HPV Infection HPV Testing in Various Biospecimens; HPV Testing in Immunized Populations; References; 3: Cervical Screening: History, Current Algorithms, and Future Directions; Principles of Screening; The Condition; The Test; The Treatment; The Screening Program; Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer; Papanicolaou and the Development of Cytology-Based Population Screening; Cervical Cancer Screening in the UK (1950-1985); UK Terminology of Cervical Cytology and Histology; The NHS Cervical Screening Program (1986-2004)
NHSCSP 2004 to the Present Liquid-Based Cytology (LBC); HPV Testing; Triage of Low-Grade Abnormality; Test of Cure; Automation in Cervical Screening; NHSCSP Beyond 2016: Cervical Screening in the Era of HPV Vaccination; HPV Vaccination; Primary HPV Testing; References; 4: Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Cervical Cancer: Current Practice and Future Directions; Introduction; Stage IA Carcinoma of the Cervix; Stage IA1: Invasive Lesion ≤7 mm Wide and ≤3 mm Deep; Stage IA1 Plus Lymphovascular Space Invasion; Stage IA2: Width ≤ 7 mm and Depth > 3 mm But ≤5 mm
Adenocarcinoma Versus Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Early Cervical Cancer Stage IB1 Carcinoma of the Cervix; Stage IB1: Depth >5 mm, Or Width >7 mm, But Tumour Less Than 4 cm Diameter; or a Clinically Visible Lesion Confined to the Cervix; Stage IB1: Diameter Less Than 1 cm; Stage IB1: 1-2 cm Diameter Tumor; Trachelectomy; Stage IB1: 2-4 cm in Diameter; Stage IB2
IV Carcinoma of the Cervix; Reducing the Risks of Treatment; Strategy 1: Assess the Risk of Recurrence Prior to Undertaking Surgical Treatment; Strategy 2: Lymph Node Assessment; Strategy 3: Radical Surgical Techniques
High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) Adenocarcinoma In Situ (AIS); References; 2: Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs); Introduction; Classification; HPV Genome Organization and Life Cycle; Epidemiology; Prevalence in the General Population; Clearance and Risk; Prevalence in Disease (Histological); Prevalence in Disease (Cytologically Defined); Host Defenses; HPV Immunization; Delivery and Immunogenicity; Therapeutic Vaccines; Impact (Prophylactic Vaccines); HPV Testing; Justification for HPV Testing; Targets and Types of HR-HPV Test
Tools and Biomarkers for the Risk Stratification of HR-HPV Infection HPV Testing in Various Biospecimens; HPV Testing in Immunized Populations; References; 3: Cervical Screening: History, Current Algorithms, and Future Directions; Principles of Screening; The Condition; The Test; The Treatment; The Screening Program; Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer; Papanicolaou and the Development of Cytology-Based Population Screening; Cervical Cancer Screening in the UK (1950-1985); UK Terminology of Cervical Cytology and Histology; The NHS Cervical Screening Program (1986-2004)
NHSCSP 2004 to the Present Liquid-Based Cytology (LBC); HPV Testing; Triage of Low-Grade Abnormality; Test of Cure; Automation in Cervical Screening; NHSCSP Beyond 2016: Cervical Screening in the Era of HPV Vaccination; HPV Vaccination; Primary HPV Testing; References; 4: Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Cervical Cancer: Current Practice and Future Directions; Introduction; Stage IA Carcinoma of the Cervix; Stage IA1: Invasive Lesion ≤7 mm Wide and ≤3 mm Deep; Stage IA1 Plus Lymphovascular Space Invasion; Stage IA2: Width ≤ 7 mm and Depth > 3 mm But ≤5 mm
Adenocarcinoma Versus Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Early Cervical Cancer Stage IB1 Carcinoma of the Cervix; Stage IB1: Depth >5 mm, Or Width >7 mm, But Tumour Less Than 4 cm Diameter; or a Clinically Visible Lesion Confined to the Cervix; Stage IB1: Diameter Less Than 1 cm; Stage IB1: 1-2 cm Diameter Tumor; Trachelectomy; Stage IB1: 2-4 cm in Diameter; Stage IB2
IV Carcinoma of the Cervix; Reducing the Risks of Treatment; Strategy 1: Assess the Risk of Recurrence Prior to Undertaking Surgical Treatment; Strategy 2: Lymph Node Assessment; Strategy 3: Radical Surgical Techniques