Preface; List of Abbreviations and Greek Letters; Contents; About the Authors; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Distillation Fundamentals and Principles; 1.2.1 Vapor Pressure; 1.2.2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium; 1.2.3 Dew Point and Bubble Point; 1.2.4 Equilibrium Flash Calculations; 1.3 Distillation Design; 1.3.1 Shortcut Methods; 1.3.2 Rigorous Methods; 1.4 Distillation Simulation; 1.4.1 Azeotrope Search; 1.4.2 Physical Property Methods; 1.4.3 Binary Parameters; 1.5 Distillation Process Retrofit/Revamp and Debottlenecking; 1.5.1 Process Integration; 1.5.2 Process Intensification

1.5.3 Combination of Heat Integration and Process Intensification1.6 Concluding Remarks; References; 2 Retrofit and Debottlenecking by Modifying Column Internal; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Types of Column Internal; 2.2.1 Trays; 2.2.2 Packings; 2.2.3 Column Internal Performances; 2.2.3.1 Hydraulic; 2.2.3.2 Efficiency; 2.2.3.3 Capacity; 2.2.4 Criteria for Selection of Vapor-Liquid Contactors; 2.3 Retrofit and Debottlenecking by Modifying Column Internal; 2.3.1 Using High Capacity/Efficiency Trays; 2.3.2 Using High Capacity/Efficiency Packings; 2.3.3 Column Internal Structure Modifications

2.3.4 Industrial Cases2.4 Case Study; 2.4.1 Existing Conventional Distillation; 2.4.2 Retrofitted Distillation; 2.5 Concluding Remarks; References; 3 Promising Retrofit Technologies for Single Column; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Heat Pump Assisted Distillation; 3.2.1 Introduction; 3.2.2 Working Principle of MVR; 3.2.3 MVR Configuration; 3.2.4 Pros and Cons of MVRs; 3.2.5 Case Study; 3.2.5.1 Existing Conventional Distillation; 3.2.5.2 Heat Pump Assisted Distillation; 3.3 Self-Heat Recuperation Technology; 3.3.1 Introduction; 3.3.2 Case Study; 3.4 Feed Thermal Condition; 3.4.1 Introduction

3.4.2 Case Study3.5 Side Reboiler and Side Condenser; 3.5.1 Introduction; 3.6 Operating Pressure Changing; 3.6.1 Introduction; 3.7 Multi-Effect Distillation; 3.7.1 Introduction; 3.7.2 Case Study; 3.7.2.1 Existing Conventional Distillation; 3.7.2.2 Debottlenecking; 3.8 Cyclic Distillation; 3.8.1 Introduction; 3.8.2 Retrofit to Cyclic Distillation; 3.9 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Promising Retrofit Technologies for Multi-Column System; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Re-Arranging the Distillation Sequence; 4.2.1 Introduction; 4.2.2 Case Study; 4.2.2.1 Existing Conventional Distillation Sequence

4.2.2.2 Retrofitted Distillation Sequence4.3 Prefractionator Arrangement; 4.3.1 Introduction; 4.3.2 Case Study; 4.4 Thermally Coupled Distillation Sequence; 4.4.1 Introduction; 4.4.2 Retrofit to Thermally Coupled Distillation Sequence; 4.4.2.1 Design; 4.4.2.2 Optimization; 4.4.3 Case Study; 4.4.3.1 Existing Plant Subject to Retrofit Study; 4.4.3.2 Retrofitted Thermally Coupled Distillation Sequence; 4.4.3.3 Retrofitted Thermally Coupled Distillation Sequence with Side Reboiler; 4.5 Alternative Coupled Schemes of the Petlyuk Column; 4.5.1 Introduction; 4.6 Dividing Wall Column