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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; List of Statutes; List of Cases; Abbreviations; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Legal Evolution of Homosexuality; 1.2.1 Traditional Religious Morality and the Condemnation of Homosexuality; 1.2.2 Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Social Changes and Sexuality; 1.2.3 The Unfolding of Homosexuality in Islamic Countries; 1.2.4 Homosexuality in Ancient and Modern-Day India; 1.3 Liberalism; 1.3.1 The Principle of Equal Concern and Respect; 1.3.2 Distinction Between Ethics and Morality; 1.3.3 Discrimination Persists; 1.3.4 Dworkin and Judicial Discretion
1.4 Ground Reality of the Research Problem: Research Study at a Glance1.4.1 Human Rights and Gay Rights; 1.4.2 The Indian and the International Context; 1.4.3 Pressing Problem; 1.4.4 The Indian Legal Context; 1.4.5 Study Objectives; 1.4.6 Hypothesis and Research Questions; 1.4.7 Methodology; 1.5 Analysis; 1.6 Chapter Scheme; Chapter 2: Interpretative Methods and Judicial Power; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Constitutional Evolution; 2.3 Sources of the Constitution; 2.4 The Preamble of the Constitution; 2.5 Salient Features of the Constitution; 2.5.1 Written Constitution
2.5.2 Parliamentary Form of Government2.5.3 A Secular State; 2.5.4 Federal Structure; 2.5.5 Welfare State; 2.5.6 Adult Suffrage; 2.5.7 Independent Judiciary; 2.6 Historical Evolution of the Indian Judicial System; 2.6.1 Judicial System in Ancient India; 2.6.2 Judicial System in Medieval India; 2.6.3 Judicial System Today; 2.7 Composition of the Supreme Court; 2.7.1 Court of Record; 2.7.2 Original Jurisdiction; 2.7.3 Writ Jurisdiction; 2.7.4 Appellate Jurisdiction; 2.7.5 Appeal by Special Leave; 2.7.6 Power of Review and Curative Petitions; 2.7.7 Advisory Jurisdiction
2.8 High Courts and Subordinate Courts2.8.1 Subordinate Courts; 2.9 Supreme Court on the ``Basic Structure ́́of the Constitution; 2.10 Power of Judicial Review; 2.11 Public Interest Litigation; 2.12 Other Principles of Judicial Interpretation; 2.13 Binding Jurisdiction of the Supremecourt; 2.14 Conclusion; Chapter 3: The Jurisprudence of Discrimination Against LGBTI Persons: Global Issues and Concerns; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Urgent Problem: LGBTI Discrimination Around the World; 3.3 Overview of State Obligations; 3.4 Legal Discrimination; 3.4.1 Maltreatment by Police
3.4.2 Same-Sex Marriages Not Legal3.4.3 Discrimination in the Medical Field, Family and Employment; 3.4.4 Negative Societal Images; 3.4.5 Media Discrimination; 3.5 Conclusion; Chapter 4: Addressing Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint; 4.1 Role of the Judiciary: From Retroactive to Proactive; 4.2 Indian Understanding of Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint; 4.3 Judicial Activism and the Application of International Law and Human Rights; 4.4 Public Interest Litigation: A Dynamic Approach; 4.4.1 Protection from Inhuman Treatment; 4.4.2 Child Welfare; 4.4.3 Environmental Protection
1.4 Ground Reality of the Research Problem: Research Study at a Glance1.4.1 Human Rights and Gay Rights; 1.4.2 The Indian and the International Context; 1.4.3 Pressing Problem; 1.4.4 The Indian Legal Context; 1.4.5 Study Objectives; 1.4.6 Hypothesis and Research Questions; 1.4.7 Methodology; 1.5 Analysis; 1.6 Chapter Scheme; Chapter 2: Interpretative Methods and Judicial Power; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Constitutional Evolution; 2.3 Sources of the Constitution; 2.4 The Preamble of the Constitution; 2.5 Salient Features of the Constitution; 2.5.1 Written Constitution
2.5.2 Parliamentary Form of Government2.5.3 A Secular State; 2.5.4 Federal Structure; 2.5.5 Welfare State; 2.5.6 Adult Suffrage; 2.5.7 Independent Judiciary; 2.6 Historical Evolution of the Indian Judicial System; 2.6.1 Judicial System in Ancient India; 2.6.2 Judicial System in Medieval India; 2.6.3 Judicial System Today; 2.7 Composition of the Supreme Court; 2.7.1 Court of Record; 2.7.2 Original Jurisdiction; 2.7.3 Writ Jurisdiction; 2.7.4 Appellate Jurisdiction; 2.7.5 Appeal by Special Leave; 2.7.6 Power of Review and Curative Petitions; 2.7.7 Advisory Jurisdiction
2.8 High Courts and Subordinate Courts2.8.1 Subordinate Courts; 2.9 Supreme Court on the ``Basic Structure ́́of the Constitution; 2.10 Power of Judicial Review; 2.11 Public Interest Litigation; 2.12 Other Principles of Judicial Interpretation; 2.13 Binding Jurisdiction of the Supremecourt; 2.14 Conclusion; Chapter 3: The Jurisprudence of Discrimination Against LGBTI Persons: Global Issues and Concerns; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Urgent Problem: LGBTI Discrimination Around the World; 3.3 Overview of State Obligations; 3.4 Legal Discrimination; 3.4.1 Maltreatment by Police
3.4.2 Same-Sex Marriages Not Legal3.4.3 Discrimination in the Medical Field, Family and Employment; 3.4.4 Negative Societal Images; 3.4.5 Media Discrimination; 3.5 Conclusion; Chapter 4: Addressing Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint; 4.1 Role of the Judiciary: From Retroactive to Proactive; 4.2 Indian Understanding of Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint; 4.3 Judicial Activism and the Application of International Law and Human Rights; 4.4 Public Interest Litigation: A Dynamic Approach; 4.4.1 Protection from Inhuman Treatment; 4.4.2 Child Welfare; 4.4.3 Environmental Protection