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Preface; Contents; Editors and Contributors; 1 Numerical Experiment of Stratification Induced by Diurnal Solar Heating Over the Louisiana Shelf; Abstract; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Numerical Model; 1.3 Model Specification; 1.3.1 Modeling Period and Data; 1.3.2 Model Inputs; 1.3.2.1 Heat Flux; 1.3.2.2 Wind Data; 1.3.2.3 Initial Temperature Profile; 1.3.3 Boundary Conditions; 1.4 Simulation Results; 1.4.1 Model Evaluation; 1.4.2 Sea Surface Temperature; 1.4.3 Vertical Distribution of Temperature; 1.5 Representing Stratification Based on Gradient Richardson Number.
1.6 Diurnal Heating/Stratification and Measured Bottom Oxygen Concentration1.7 Summary and Conclusion; Acknowledgements; Appendix A: Formulation of Different Surface Heat Components; References; 2 Physical Drivers of the Circulation and Thermal Regime Impacting Seasonal Hypoxia in Green Bay, Lake Michigan; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods; 2.2.1 New Field Measurements; 2.2.2 Historical Observations; 2.2.3 Meteorological Forcing; 2.2.4 Modeling; 2.2.5 Model Validation; 2.2.6 Spectral Analysis; 2.2.7 Effects of Earth's Rotation; 2.3 Results and Discussion.
2.3.1 Relation Between the Surface Heat Flux and Stratification2.3.2 Relation Between Wind Fields and Circulation Pattern; 2.3.3 Relation Between Wind Direction and Water Exchange Between Green Bay and Lake Michigan; 2.3.4 Estimation of Water Transport Between Lower and Upper Green Bay; 2.3.5 Effects of Wind, Stratification, Earth's Rotation, and the Bay and Lake Topography on Two-Layer Flows; 2.3.6 Effects of Stratification, Earth's Rotation, and the Bay and Lake Topography on the Direction of Currents; 2.4 Conclusions; References.
3 Interannual Variation in Stratification over the Texas
Louisiana Continental Shelf and Effects on Seasonal Hypoxia3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Model Setup; 3.3 Results; 3.4 Discussion; 3.5 Conclusions; References; 4 A Reduced Complexity, Hybrid Empirical-Mechanistic Model of Eutrophication and Hypoxia in Shallow Marine Ecosystems; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methods; 4.2.1 Study System; 4.2.2 Ecosystem Model Kinetics; 4.2.2.1 Phytoplankton Biomass and Production; 4.2.2.2 Pelagic Respiration; 4.2.2.3 Carbon Deposition and Sediment Fluxes; 4.2.2.4 Remaining Formulations.
4.2.3 Forcing Functions4.2.4 Spatial Elements and Transport Model; 4.2.5 Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis; 4.3 Results and Discussion; 4.3.1 Phytoplankton; 4.3.2 Nutrients; 4.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen; 4.3.4 Rate Processes; 4.3.5 Model Skill; 4.3.6 Sensitivity Analysis; 4.4 Conclusions and Future Directions; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Modeling Physical and Biogeochemical Controls on Dissolved Oxygen in Chesapeake Bay: Lessons Learned from Simple and Complex Approaches; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methods and Approach; 5.2.1 Box Model with Biogeochemistry (BM-RCA).
1.6 Diurnal Heating/Stratification and Measured Bottom Oxygen Concentration1.7 Summary and Conclusion; Acknowledgements; Appendix A: Formulation of Different Surface Heat Components; References; 2 Physical Drivers of the Circulation and Thermal Regime Impacting Seasonal Hypoxia in Green Bay, Lake Michigan; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods; 2.2.1 New Field Measurements; 2.2.2 Historical Observations; 2.2.3 Meteorological Forcing; 2.2.4 Modeling; 2.2.5 Model Validation; 2.2.6 Spectral Analysis; 2.2.7 Effects of Earth's Rotation; 2.3 Results and Discussion.
2.3.1 Relation Between the Surface Heat Flux and Stratification2.3.2 Relation Between Wind Fields and Circulation Pattern; 2.3.3 Relation Between Wind Direction and Water Exchange Between Green Bay and Lake Michigan; 2.3.4 Estimation of Water Transport Between Lower and Upper Green Bay; 2.3.5 Effects of Wind, Stratification, Earth's Rotation, and the Bay and Lake Topography on Two-Layer Flows; 2.3.6 Effects of Stratification, Earth's Rotation, and the Bay and Lake Topography on the Direction of Currents; 2.4 Conclusions; References.
3 Interannual Variation in Stratification over the Texas
Louisiana Continental Shelf and Effects on Seasonal Hypoxia3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Model Setup; 3.3 Results; 3.4 Discussion; 3.5 Conclusions; References; 4 A Reduced Complexity, Hybrid Empirical-Mechanistic Model of Eutrophication and Hypoxia in Shallow Marine Ecosystems; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methods; 4.2.1 Study System; 4.2.2 Ecosystem Model Kinetics; 4.2.2.1 Phytoplankton Biomass and Production; 4.2.2.2 Pelagic Respiration; 4.2.2.3 Carbon Deposition and Sediment Fluxes; 4.2.2.4 Remaining Formulations.
4.2.3 Forcing Functions4.2.4 Spatial Elements and Transport Model; 4.2.5 Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis; 4.3 Results and Discussion; 4.3.1 Phytoplankton; 4.3.2 Nutrients; 4.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen; 4.3.4 Rate Processes; 4.3.5 Model Skill; 4.3.6 Sensitivity Analysis; 4.4 Conclusions and Future Directions; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Modeling Physical and Biogeochemical Controls on Dissolved Oxygen in Chesapeake Bay: Lessons Learned from Simple and Complex Approaches; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methods and Approach; 5.2.1 Box Model with Biogeochemistry (BM-RCA).