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Foreword to the Second Edition; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; 1: Cardiac Physiology and Acute Heart Failure Syndromes; 1.1 Cardiac Performance; 1.2 The Fundamental Equation of the Circulation; 1.3 Preload; 1.3.1 Definition; 1.3.2 The Frank-Starling Mechanism; 1.3.3 Venous Return and CVP in Daily Practice; 1.4 Hemodynamic Monitoring; 1.4.1 Assessment and Monitoring of Fluid Status; 1.4.2 Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness; 1.4.2.1 Pressure Measurements; 1.4.2.2 Volumetric Measurements; 1.4.2.3 Dynamic Parameters.
Descending Aortic Blood Flow as a Direct Correlate of SV/COSystolic Pressure Variation (SP-V); Pulse Pressure Variation (PP-V); Passive Leg Raising (PLR), An Autotransfusion of Fluids; 1.4.2.4 Fluid Challenge; 1.4.2.5 PiCCO-Monitoring (Pulse-Induced Continuous Cardiac Output); 1.4.2.6 Echocardiography; 1.4.3 Arterial Blood Pressure; 1.4.3.1 BP and Autoregulation; Kidneys; Brain; Heart; Septic Shock; 1.4.3.2 Assessment of Tissue Perfusion; 1.5 Afterload; 1.5.1 Definition; 1.5.2 Vascular Properties, Effective Arterial Elastance, Wall Stress and the Law of LaPlace.
1.5.3 Afterload Mismatch and Acute Heart Failure Syndromes1.5.4 Concluding Remarks; 1.6 Contractility; 1.6.1 Definition; 1.6.2 Measurement and Quantification; 1.6.3 Inotropic Medications; 1.7 Heart Rate and Contractility; 1.8 Diastolic Ventricular Interaction/Interdependence (DVI); 1.8.1 Definition; 1.8.2 Septum and Trans-septal Pressure; 1.8.3 Pericardium; 1.8.4 Pulmonary Hypertension and the Risk of DVI; 1.8.5 Acutely Exacerbated Chronic Congestive (Left-Sided or Biventricular) Heart Failure; 1.8.6 Conclusions; 1.9 Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling; 1.9.1 Definition.
1.9.2 Arterial Elastance1.9.3 Ventricular Elastance; 1.9.4 Ventriculo-Arterial coupling; 1.9.5 Deranged Coupling; 1.10 Myocardial and Chamber Stiffness; 1.11 Evaluation and Assessment of the Cardiac Performance; 1.12 Summary Key Physiology and Pathophysiology; 1.12.1 Frank-Starling-Mechanism; 1.12.2 Afterload; 1.12.3 Systolic Function; 1.12.4 Volume Status; 1.12.5 Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling; 1.12.6 DVI; 1.12.7 Myocardial and Chamber Stiffness; 1.12.8 Cardiac Power Output/Index; 1.12.9 Echocardiography; References; 2: Acute Heart Failure Syndromes; 2.1 Definition.
2.2 Classification of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes (AHFS)2.3 Aetiology and Epidemiology [4, 14, 27-30]; 2.4 Pathophysiology; 2.4.1 General Remarks; 2.4.2 Special Pathophysiological Issues; 2.4.2.1 LVEDP and Congestion; 2.4.2.2 Neurohormonal Systems, Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation; 2.4.2.3 Vascular Properties, AV-Coupling, Afterload Mismatch and the Dual Pathway Concept by Cotter; 2.4.2.4 Fluid Redistribution, Splanchnic Veins and the Venocentric Input; 2.4.2.5 Fluid Accumulation, Venous Congestion and the Link Between Cardiac and Vascular Pathway.
Descending Aortic Blood Flow as a Direct Correlate of SV/COSystolic Pressure Variation (SP-V); Pulse Pressure Variation (PP-V); Passive Leg Raising (PLR), An Autotransfusion of Fluids; 1.4.2.4 Fluid Challenge; 1.4.2.5 PiCCO-Monitoring (Pulse-Induced Continuous Cardiac Output); 1.4.2.6 Echocardiography; 1.4.3 Arterial Blood Pressure; 1.4.3.1 BP and Autoregulation; Kidneys; Brain; Heart; Septic Shock; 1.4.3.2 Assessment of Tissue Perfusion; 1.5 Afterload; 1.5.1 Definition; 1.5.2 Vascular Properties, Effective Arterial Elastance, Wall Stress and the Law of LaPlace.
1.5.3 Afterload Mismatch and Acute Heart Failure Syndromes1.5.4 Concluding Remarks; 1.6 Contractility; 1.6.1 Definition; 1.6.2 Measurement and Quantification; 1.6.3 Inotropic Medications; 1.7 Heart Rate and Contractility; 1.8 Diastolic Ventricular Interaction/Interdependence (DVI); 1.8.1 Definition; 1.8.2 Septum and Trans-septal Pressure; 1.8.3 Pericardium; 1.8.4 Pulmonary Hypertension and the Risk of DVI; 1.8.5 Acutely Exacerbated Chronic Congestive (Left-Sided or Biventricular) Heart Failure; 1.8.6 Conclusions; 1.9 Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling; 1.9.1 Definition.
1.9.2 Arterial Elastance1.9.3 Ventricular Elastance; 1.9.4 Ventriculo-Arterial coupling; 1.9.5 Deranged Coupling; 1.10 Myocardial and Chamber Stiffness; 1.11 Evaluation and Assessment of the Cardiac Performance; 1.12 Summary Key Physiology and Pathophysiology; 1.12.1 Frank-Starling-Mechanism; 1.12.2 Afterload; 1.12.3 Systolic Function; 1.12.4 Volume Status; 1.12.5 Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling; 1.12.6 DVI; 1.12.7 Myocardial and Chamber Stiffness; 1.12.8 Cardiac Power Output/Index; 1.12.9 Echocardiography; References; 2: Acute Heart Failure Syndromes; 2.1 Definition.
2.2 Classification of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes (AHFS)2.3 Aetiology and Epidemiology [4, 14, 27-30]; 2.4 Pathophysiology; 2.4.1 General Remarks; 2.4.2 Special Pathophysiological Issues; 2.4.2.1 LVEDP and Congestion; 2.4.2.2 Neurohormonal Systems, Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation; 2.4.2.3 Vascular Properties, AV-Coupling, Afterload Mismatch and the Dual Pathway Concept by Cotter; 2.4.2.4 Fluid Redistribution, Splanchnic Veins and the Venocentric Input; 2.4.2.5 Fluid Accumulation, Venous Congestion and the Link Between Cardiac and Vascular Pathway.