Governance of Biotechnology in Post-Soviet Russia; Acknowledgements; Contents; List of Abbreviations; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1 Introduction; Biotechnology Governance in the Twenty-first Century; The Concept of Inertia: The Case of Russia; The Book in a Nutshell; Notes; Part I; 2 Governance of Science Before 1945; Science as an 'Aristocratic Endeavour'; Science as a Vocational Pursuit; Harnessing the Power of Science; Education and Training Opportunities; Science Patronage; State-Mandated Science Programmes; The Rise of the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex (MIAC)

Towards a Permanent MobilisationNotes; 3 Governance and Cultures of Life Science Research During the Cold War; The Life Sciences as a Professional Domain; Life Science Research prior to the Biotechnology Revolution; 'The Eighth Day of Creation': From a Double Helix to Gene Splicing; Life Science Research in the East and West; Cold War Inertia; Procedural Dimension; International Regulatory Framework; Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines; Trends in National Science Policymaking; Structural Dimension; State Control over Science; The Social Context of Life Science Research

Role of Life Science CommunitiesNormative Dimension; Secrecy; 'Scientifying' Risk and Regulation; Notes; 4 Twenty-first Century Governance Challenges in the Life Sciences; Biotechnology Advancement in the Twenty-First Century; Trends in Biotechnology Governance; High-Level Coordination, Facilitation and Funding; Synergies Within and Between Private and Public Sectors; Governments Tend to Favour Strategic, Political and Economic Interests at the Expense of Precaution; Biotechnology Regulations Seek to Promote Rather Than Restrict Technological Advancement; Reliance on Technical Fixes

Engines that Drive Biotechnology MomentumIntegration of Biology with Other Disciplines; Biology as a Predictive rather than Descriptive Science; Diffusion of Life Science Expertise: International Collaboration, De-Skilling and Amateur Biology; The Role of States: Both a Poacher and Gamekeeper; Speed Differential Between Scientific Advancement and the Pace of Deliberative Systems; Runaway Biotechnology?; Notes; Part II; 5 Organisation and Governance of Soviet Biotechnology; Science in the Soviet Union; Growth and Consolidation of Biotechnology Research in the Soviet Union

Features of Soviet Biotechnology GovernanceCentralised Hierarchical Bureaucracies; Top-Down Regulation; State/Party Control; Military-Oriented Research; Professional Life Science Culture; Notes; 6 Post-Cold War Institutional and Infrastructural Legacies; The Collapse of the USSR and Its Impact on the Life Sciences; Persistence of Soviet Inertia; Biotechnology as a Vital State Asset; State Control over Life Science Institutions; The Legacy of the Soviet Bioweapons Programme; Hurdles to International Scientific Collaboration