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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments; Contents; List of Figures and Pictures ; List of Tables ; Chapter 1: Introduction; The Life of Japanese Immigrants in Kona; Scope of This Book; Data Collection; Previous Studies on Kona; Anthropological Studies on Japanese Americans; Literature Review and Theoretical Frameworks; The Ethnic Identity Framework; Assimilation; Japanese American Assimilation; Assimilation in Kona; Organization of the Study; Notes; Chapter 2: The Issei: In Search of Autonomy; Introduction; Formation of the Japanese Community in Kona: Early Immigration of the Issei: The Journey to Hawaii
Unexpected Hard Labor: The Horror of Plantation LifeEncountering Kona Society: A Place of Freedom and Sanctuary; The Formation of the Kenjinkai: Prefecture Identification and Tokoro-Mon; The Formation of the Kumi: Geographic Identification in the Kona Community27; The Lost Dream of Returning to Japan; The Formation of the Kona Coffee Farming Community; Multicultural Kona District; The Beginning of the Tenant-Farming System; Living on the Farms; Coffee-Land Houses; Food; Hawaiian Tropical Clothing; The Kona Coffee Business: The Complex Relations of Landowners and Japanese Immigrant Laborers
Coffee Farming: Hard WorkThe Coffee Off-Season: Learning, Innovation, and Resilience; Fishing Is Our Culture; Lauhala Weaving; Adapting to, and Surviving in, a New Environment; The Issei and Their Ties to the Mother Country: The Transnational Experience; Reshaping the Past; Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 3: Religious and Social Communities: The Importance of Ethnic Solidarity; Introduction; Social Communities: The Importance of Ethnic Solidarity; The Kenjinkai: Japanese Prefectural Identity; The Kumi; Religious Communities; General Introduction
Japanese Jinjas (Shrines) in the Early Issei Period: Kamisama Overview; The Inari Shrine; Other Shinto Shrines; Wedding Ceremonies at Shinto Shrines; Ofuda (Talismans) and Omamori (Charms); Kamidana and New Year's; The Religious Issei's Approach to Japanese Buddhism; Spirituality Among the Issei; Otera (Buddhist Temples44); Overview; The Kona Hongwanji Jodo Shin-shu Temple; Overview; History; The Role of the Priest; Women and the Temples; The Kona Daifukuji Zen Soto-shu Temple; Overview; The Role of the Priest; Activities Organized by the Temple, and Relations with Shrines
The Kona Daishi-do Shingon-shu: The Healers Overview and History of Worship Sites and Temples; Religious Rituals and Practices; Ososhiki: Traditional Ritual Funerals of the Issei; Hoji: A Japanese Traditional Memorial Ritual; The Butsudan: Japanese Buddhist Altars; Ohakamairi: Ritual Attendance at the Buddhist Cemetery; Obon: The Return of the Dead; Fujinkai (Buddhist Women's Associations); Overview; The Kona Hongwanji Fujinkai; The Daifukuji Zen Soto-Shu Fujinkai; Fujinkai: In Summary; Religious and Social Communities: Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 4: The Nisei Experience
Unexpected Hard Labor: The Horror of Plantation LifeEncountering Kona Society: A Place of Freedom and Sanctuary; The Formation of the Kenjinkai: Prefecture Identification and Tokoro-Mon; The Formation of the Kumi: Geographic Identification in the Kona Community27; The Lost Dream of Returning to Japan; The Formation of the Kona Coffee Farming Community; Multicultural Kona District; The Beginning of the Tenant-Farming System; Living on the Farms; Coffee-Land Houses; Food; Hawaiian Tropical Clothing; The Kona Coffee Business: The Complex Relations of Landowners and Japanese Immigrant Laborers
Coffee Farming: Hard WorkThe Coffee Off-Season: Learning, Innovation, and Resilience; Fishing Is Our Culture; Lauhala Weaving; Adapting to, and Surviving in, a New Environment; The Issei and Their Ties to the Mother Country: The Transnational Experience; Reshaping the Past; Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 3: Religious and Social Communities: The Importance of Ethnic Solidarity; Introduction; Social Communities: The Importance of Ethnic Solidarity; The Kenjinkai: Japanese Prefectural Identity; The Kumi; Religious Communities; General Introduction
Japanese Jinjas (Shrines) in the Early Issei Period: Kamisama Overview; The Inari Shrine; Other Shinto Shrines; Wedding Ceremonies at Shinto Shrines; Ofuda (Talismans) and Omamori (Charms); Kamidana and New Year's; The Religious Issei's Approach to Japanese Buddhism; Spirituality Among the Issei; Otera (Buddhist Temples44); Overview; The Kona Hongwanji Jodo Shin-shu Temple; Overview; History; The Role of the Priest; Women and the Temples; The Kona Daifukuji Zen Soto-shu Temple; Overview; The Role of the Priest; Activities Organized by the Temple, and Relations with Shrines
The Kona Daishi-do Shingon-shu: The Healers Overview and History of Worship Sites and Temples; Religious Rituals and Practices; Ososhiki: Traditional Ritual Funerals of the Issei; Hoji: A Japanese Traditional Memorial Ritual; The Butsudan: Japanese Buddhist Altars; Ohakamairi: Ritual Attendance at the Buddhist Cemetery; Obon: The Return of the Dead; Fujinkai (Buddhist Women's Associations); Overview; The Kona Hongwanji Fujinkai; The Daifukuji Zen Soto-Shu Fujinkai; Fujinkai: In Summary; Religious and Social Communities: Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 4: The Nisei Experience