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Table of Contents
List of illustrations
List of abbreviations
Introduction
From 'fortress Europe' to new 'limits of control'? the increasing diversity of refugee and migration policies in Europe
Research questions : multiple mechanisms of europeanisation
Constructing a systematic empirical research strategy : comparative case studies in a crucial member state
Chapter outline
Stocktaking the europeanisation of refugee and migration policies
Institutional and substantive developments in Europe's refugee and migration policies
Pre-Amsterdam institutional configurations and its policy outcomes
Post-Amsterdam institutional developments
Post-Amsterdam substantive policy developments
Theoretical frameworks approaching the europeanisation of refugee and migration policies
Neo-functionalism : the weakness of supranational organisations
Intergovernmentalism : executive preferences at the centre
Constructivism : the power of policy ideas
Europeanisation : the legacy of historical institutionalism
Approaching the increasing diversity of Europe's refugee and migration policies
Political sociology of European refugee and migration policies
Outcomes of europeanisation : approaching the 'dependent variable problem'
Outcome and output indicators
Quantitative and qualitative indicators
Direction of europeanisation
Extent of europeanisation
Mechanisms of europeanisation : theoretical links between Europe and its member states
Separating two dimensions of europeanisation
Typology of mechanisms of europeanisation
Analysing europeanisation : process tracing in comparative case studies
Turn the tables : analysing europeanisation from the bottom-up
Process tracing : constructing causal inferences
Disaggregation : comparative case studies in a crucial member state
Conclusion
Opposing Europe through the backdoor? refugees between national control imperatives and the supranationalisation of rights
Introduction
Regaining control : three rounds of asylum conflict in national contexts
First round : attempting to restrict, streamline and deter
Second round : dismantling the constitutional asylum right
Third round : policy continuity after the asylum compromise
Power of supranationalisation : constitutionalising refugee rights in Europe
Ambitious policy proposals by the European commission
Negotiating refugee rights within the council
Opposition and learning : the fourth round in Germany's asylum conflict in european contexts
Opposing Europe : the dominance of the administration
Learning from Europe : legislative negotiations, court rooms and in the streets
Conclusion
Circumventing national enforcement constraints? shopping for effective return policies in European venues
Introduction
Gaps between aims and outcomes : establishing a national deportation policy
Transforming deportation into an instrument of migration control
National enforcement constraints
Executive cooperation in Europe : shopping for multilateral solutions
International cooperation : weaving the readmission net closer
Operational cooperation : assisting each other with deportations
Legal harmonisation : codifying coercive state capacities
Unbearable lightness of complying : the administrative implementation of new European structures
Cosmetic changes to the legal framework
Dualist systems of readmission
Centralised European structures of operational cooperation
Conclusion
Policy learning in Europe? new ideas governing highly skilled labour migration
Introduction
Developing policy ideas and templates : towards a common European highly skilled labour migration policy
Security considerations trump economic interests
New policy idea on highly skilled labour migration
New policy templates on highly skilled labour migration
Learning from policy ideas and templates : Germany's transformation from 'no immigration' to the 'welcome culture'
Muddling through : labour migration policy until the 1990s
Putative surprises : the advent of new norm entrepreneurs
Incremental transformation : national policy developments in a European context
Conclusion
Playing a wrong plot? rhetoric compliance with Europe's migration and development agenda
Introduction
Balancing acts between insurmountable interests : developing a comprehensive approach on migration in Europe
Mutually exclusive disinterest between migration and development actors
Making migration work for development : the birth of a new policy idea
Developing a common agenda : concrete policy templates addressing the migration-development nexus
Progressive ideas on infertile ground : missing resonance and norm entrepreneurs in Germany
Migration-development nexus on the ground : a trimmed agenda
Inconsistent discourses : missing resonance of the new policy idea
Ministerial turf wars : the absence of national norm entrepreneurs
Conclusion
Conclusion
Patterns of europeanisation : moderate but diverse impacts on Germany's refugee and migration policies
Mechanisms of europeanisation : from an external venue for national executives to normalised multi-level policy-making processes
Europe at the crossroads : mechanisms of europeanisation and the recent migration crises
Bibliography
Primary sources
Secondary sources
Index.
List of abbreviations
Introduction
From 'fortress Europe' to new 'limits of control'? the increasing diversity of refugee and migration policies in Europe
Research questions : multiple mechanisms of europeanisation
Constructing a systematic empirical research strategy : comparative case studies in a crucial member state
Chapter outline
Stocktaking the europeanisation of refugee and migration policies
Institutional and substantive developments in Europe's refugee and migration policies
Pre-Amsterdam institutional configurations and its policy outcomes
Post-Amsterdam institutional developments
Post-Amsterdam substantive policy developments
Theoretical frameworks approaching the europeanisation of refugee and migration policies
Neo-functionalism : the weakness of supranational organisations
Intergovernmentalism : executive preferences at the centre
Constructivism : the power of policy ideas
Europeanisation : the legacy of historical institutionalism
Approaching the increasing diversity of Europe's refugee and migration policies
Political sociology of European refugee and migration policies
Outcomes of europeanisation : approaching the 'dependent variable problem'
Outcome and output indicators
Quantitative and qualitative indicators
Direction of europeanisation
Extent of europeanisation
Mechanisms of europeanisation : theoretical links between Europe and its member states
Separating two dimensions of europeanisation
Typology of mechanisms of europeanisation
Analysing europeanisation : process tracing in comparative case studies
Turn the tables : analysing europeanisation from the bottom-up
Process tracing : constructing causal inferences
Disaggregation : comparative case studies in a crucial member state
Conclusion
Opposing Europe through the backdoor? refugees between national control imperatives and the supranationalisation of rights
Introduction
Regaining control : three rounds of asylum conflict in national contexts
First round : attempting to restrict, streamline and deter
Second round : dismantling the constitutional asylum right
Third round : policy continuity after the asylum compromise
Power of supranationalisation : constitutionalising refugee rights in Europe
Ambitious policy proposals by the European commission
Negotiating refugee rights within the council
Opposition and learning : the fourth round in Germany's asylum conflict in european contexts
Opposing Europe : the dominance of the administration
Learning from Europe : legislative negotiations, court rooms and in the streets
Conclusion
Circumventing national enforcement constraints? shopping for effective return policies in European venues
Introduction
Gaps between aims and outcomes : establishing a national deportation policy
Transforming deportation into an instrument of migration control
National enforcement constraints
Executive cooperation in Europe : shopping for multilateral solutions
International cooperation : weaving the readmission net closer
Operational cooperation : assisting each other with deportations
Legal harmonisation : codifying coercive state capacities
Unbearable lightness of complying : the administrative implementation of new European structures
Cosmetic changes to the legal framework
Dualist systems of readmission
Centralised European structures of operational cooperation
Conclusion
Policy learning in Europe? new ideas governing highly skilled labour migration
Introduction
Developing policy ideas and templates : towards a common European highly skilled labour migration policy
Security considerations trump economic interests
New policy idea on highly skilled labour migration
New policy templates on highly skilled labour migration
Learning from policy ideas and templates : Germany's transformation from 'no immigration' to the 'welcome culture'
Muddling through : labour migration policy until the 1990s
Putative surprises : the advent of new norm entrepreneurs
Incremental transformation : national policy developments in a European context
Conclusion
Playing a wrong plot? rhetoric compliance with Europe's migration and development agenda
Introduction
Balancing acts between insurmountable interests : developing a comprehensive approach on migration in Europe
Mutually exclusive disinterest between migration and development actors
Making migration work for development : the birth of a new policy idea
Developing a common agenda : concrete policy templates addressing the migration-development nexus
Progressive ideas on infertile ground : missing resonance and norm entrepreneurs in Germany
Migration-development nexus on the ground : a trimmed agenda
Inconsistent discourses : missing resonance of the new policy idea
Ministerial turf wars : the absence of national norm entrepreneurs
Conclusion
Conclusion
Patterns of europeanisation : moderate but diverse impacts on Germany's refugee and migration policies
Mechanisms of europeanisation : from an external venue for national executives to normalised multi-level policy-making processes
Europe at the crossroads : mechanisms of europeanisation and the recent migration crises
Bibliography
Primary sources
Secondary sources
Index.