Machine generated contents note: Introduction: civil war, nation-building, and agrarian unrest in the Confederate South and Southern Italy: a comparative perspective; Part I. Inner Civil Wars and National Crises, 1860-1863: 1. Preemptive counterrevolutions: the rebellions of the elites; 2. The difficult birth of two nations; 3. Inner civil wars in East Tennessee and Northern Terra di Lavoro I, 1860-1861; 4. Inner civil wars in East Tennessee and Northern Terra di Lavoro II, 1861-1863; Part II. Civil Wars and Social Revolutions, 1862-1865: 5. Revolutions: the revolts of the lower strata; 6. Civil wars and agrarian questions; 7. Social revolutions in the lower Mississippi Valley and upper Basilicata I, 1862-1863; 8. Social revolutions in the lower Mississippi Valley and upper Basilicata II, 1863-1865.