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Table of Contents
Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; About the Editors; Abbreviations; Part I: Introduction; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Tropical Forests and Deforestation; 1.2 Drivers of Deforestation; 1.3 Deforestation in Teknaf; References; Chapter 2: Physiography, Forests, and People in Teknaf; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Physiography of Teknaf; 2.2.1 Land Use and Topography; 2.3 Climate; 2.3.1 Database and Calculations; 2.3.2 Average Temperature and Rainfall; 2.3.3 Climatic Trends 1984-2013; 2.3.4 Natural Disasters; 2.4 Forest; 2.4.1 History and Boundary; 2.4.2 Characteristics of the Forest.
2.4.3 An Analysis of Deforestation in Teknaf Based on Landsat Images2.4.4 Current Condition of the Forest; 2.4.5 Forest Policy and Management; 2.5 People; 2.5.1 Approach; 2.5.2 Demography; 2.5.3 Livelihoods; 2.5.4 Settlements; Appendix 2.1 Villages in Teknaf upazila; References; Part II: Causes of Deforestation; Chapter 3: Impact of Betel Leaf Cultivation on Forests; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Methodology; 3.2.1 Study Area; 3.2.2 Survey and Analytic Method; 3.3 Results and Discussion; 3.3.1 Comparison of Rice and Betel Leaf Farming; 3.3.2 Impact of Betel Leaf Cultivation on the Forest.
3.3.3 Impact of pan boroj on the Forest3.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Socioeconomic Status of Betel Leaf Farmers; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methodology; 4.3 Results and Discussion; 4.3.1 General Characteristics of the Households; 4.3.2 Characterization of Betel Leaf Farmers in Relation to Other Livelihood Activities; 4.3.3 Socioeconomic Status of Betel Leaf Cultivators in Relation to Other Livelihood Groups; 4.3.4 Socioeconomic Factors That Pushed Local People to Engage in Betel Leaf Cultivation; 4.4 Conclusions; References.
Chapter 5: Economic Impacts of Betel Leaf Cultivation on Farmers5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methodology; 5.3 Results and Discussion; 5.3.1 Relationship Between Personal Attributes and the Choice of Betel Leaf Cultivation at the Present Time; 5.3.2 Relationship Between Personal Attributes and the Choice of Betel Leaf Cultivation in the Past; 5.3.3 Hypothesis on the Mechanism of Expanding Income Disparities; 5.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Remote Sensing Characterization of Changes in Forest Resources and Betel Leaf Cultivation Through Time; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Methodology.
6.3 Results and Discussion6.3.1 Forest Condition; 6.3.2 Relationship Between Betel Leaf Cultivation and Deforestation; 6.3.3 Examining the Changes in Betel Leaf Cultivation; 6.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 7: Fuelwood of Teknaf Forests: Marketing, Distribution, and Concomitant People; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Fuelwood Collection and Distribution; 7.2.1 Approach; 7.2.2 Fuelwood Demand and Harvesting; 7.2.3 Fuelwood Marketing and Distribution; 7.3 People Associated with Fuelwood Collection, Purchase, and Sales; 7.3.1 Approach; 7.3.2 A Socioeconomic Profile of Households Associated with Fuelwood.
2.4.3 An Analysis of Deforestation in Teknaf Based on Landsat Images2.4.4 Current Condition of the Forest; 2.4.5 Forest Policy and Management; 2.5 People; 2.5.1 Approach; 2.5.2 Demography; 2.5.3 Livelihoods; 2.5.4 Settlements; Appendix 2.1 Villages in Teknaf upazila; References; Part II: Causes of Deforestation; Chapter 3: Impact of Betel Leaf Cultivation on Forests; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Methodology; 3.2.1 Study Area; 3.2.2 Survey and Analytic Method; 3.3 Results and Discussion; 3.3.1 Comparison of Rice and Betel Leaf Farming; 3.3.2 Impact of Betel Leaf Cultivation on the Forest.
3.3.3 Impact of pan boroj on the Forest3.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Socioeconomic Status of Betel Leaf Farmers; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methodology; 4.3 Results and Discussion; 4.3.1 General Characteristics of the Households; 4.3.2 Characterization of Betel Leaf Farmers in Relation to Other Livelihood Activities; 4.3.3 Socioeconomic Status of Betel Leaf Cultivators in Relation to Other Livelihood Groups; 4.3.4 Socioeconomic Factors That Pushed Local People to Engage in Betel Leaf Cultivation; 4.4 Conclusions; References.
Chapter 5: Economic Impacts of Betel Leaf Cultivation on Farmers5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methodology; 5.3 Results and Discussion; 5.3.1 Relationship Between Personal Attributes and the Choice of Betel Leaf Cultivation at the Present Time; 5.3.2 Relationship Between Personal Attributes and the Choice of Betel Leaf Cultivation in the Past; 5.3.3 Hypothesis on the Mechanism of Expanding Income Disparities; 5.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Remote Sensing Characterization of Changes in Forest Resources and Betel Leaf Cultivation Through Time; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Methodology.
6.3 Results and Discussion6.3.1 Forest Condition; 6.3.2 Relationship Between Betel Leaf Cultivation and Deforestation; 6.3.3 Examining the Changes in Betel Leaf Cultivation; 6.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 7: Fuelwood of Teknaf Forests: Marketing, Distribution, and Concomitant People; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Fuelwood Collection and Distribution; 7.2.1 Approach; 7.2.2 Fuelwood Demand and Harvesting; 7.2.3 Fuelwood Marketing and Distribution; 7.3 People Associated with Fuelwood Collection, Purchase, and Sales; 7.3.1 Approach; 7.3.2 A Socioeconomic Profile of Households Associated with Fuelwood.