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Preface; Contents; 1: The Role of Neuronavigation in Lumbar Spine Surgery; 1.1 Methods; 1.1.1 How to Assess the Screws' Placement; 1.1.2 Comparison Between Free-Hand Technique and Navigated Technique; 1.1.3 Comparison Among the Different 3D-Navigated Techniques; 1.1.4 Spinal Navigation in Pediatric Patients; 1.2 Uses of Spinal Navigation Other than Screws' Placement; 1.3 Limits and Pitfalls; 1.4 The Problem of the Learning Curve; 1.5 The Problem of Radioexposure; 1.6 Cost-Effectiveness; References; 2: Imaging in Lumbar Spine Surgery: The Role of Intraoperative CT Scan; References.
3: The Robotic Arm Guidance Systems: Principles and Indications3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Motivations for Robotic System Usage; 3.3 Commercially Available Spine Robotic Systems; 3.3.1 The Spine Assist® and Renaissance® Guidance Systems, Mazor; 3.3.2 The Mazor X"!Guidance System; 3.3.3 The ROSA"!Guidance System, Medtech; 3.3.4 AQrate® System, KB Medical; 3.4 Current Literature on Robotic Spine Surgery; 3.4.1 Current Available Literature on Mazor Robotic Systems (Spine Assist, Renaissance); 3.4.2 Current Available Literature on Rosa Spine, Medtech; 3.5 Learning Curve.
3.6 Radiation Exposure3.7 The Future of Robotic Spine Surgery; References; 4: The Robotic Arm Guidance System: Applications and Limits; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Applications; 4.2.1 SpineAssist; 4.2.2 Other platforms; 4.3 Limits; References; 5: 3D Printed Tubular Guides for Pedicle Screw Fixation; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Custom-Made Pedicle Screw Navigation; 5.3 Medacta MySpine Custom-Made System; References; 6: New Techniques and MIS: The XLIF Technique; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Clinical Aspects; 6.3 Imaging Evaluation; 6.4 Rationale for XLIF Approach; 6.4.1 Selection of Approach Side.
6.4.2 Posterior Fixation OptionsReferences; 7: New Implants and Techniques in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: True Percutaneous Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (pTLIF) with the Posterolateral Transforaminal Endoscopic Approach; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Posterolateral Transforaminal Approach for Percutaneous Fusion Surgery; 7.3 B-Twin Expandable Implant: Surgical Technique; 7.4 Percutaneous PerX 360°"!System: pTLIF Surgical Technique; 7.5 Posterior Fixation Devices; 7.6 Complications; References; 8: New Techniques and MIS: The Minimally Invasive TLIF; 8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Indication and Patients Population8.3 Technique; 8.4 Results; 8.5 Discussion; References; 9: New Techniques and MIS: The Awake TLIF; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Surgical Technique; 9.2.1 Anesthesia and Patient Positioning; 9.2.2 Incision and Endoscopic Discectomy; 9.2.3 Interbody Fusion; 9.2.4 Percutaneous Screw and Rod Fixation; 9.2.5 Wound Closure and Postoperative Care; 9.3 Important Elements of Awake TLIF; 9.4 Surgical Indications and Limitation; 9.5 Outcomes; 9.6 Complications; 9.7 Discussion; References.
3: The Robotic Arm Guidance Systems: Principles and Indications3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Motivations for Robotic System Usage; 3.3 Commercially Available Spine Robotic Systems; 3.3.1 The Spine Assist® and Renaissance® Guidance Systems, Mazor; 3.3.2 The Mazor X"!Guidance System; 3.3.3 The ROSA"!Guidance System, Medtech; 3.3.4 AQrate® System, KB Medical; 3.4 Current Literature on Robotic Spine Surgery; 3.4.1 Current Available Literature on Mazor Robotic Systems (Spine Assist, Renaissance); 3.4.2 Current Available Literature on Rosa Spine, Medtech; 3.5 Learning Curve.
3.6 Radiation Exposure3.7 The Future of Robotic Spine Surgery; References; 4: The Robotic Arm Guidance System: Applications and Limits; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Applications; 4.2.1 SpineAssist; 4.2.2 Other platforms; 4.3 Limits; References; 5: 3D Printed Tubular Guides for Pedicle Screw Fixation; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Custom-Made Pedicle Screw Navigation; 5.3 Medacta MySpine Custom-Made System; References; 6: New Techniques and MIS: The XLIF Technique; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Clinical Aspects; 6.3 Imaging Evaluation; 6.4 Rationale for XLIF Approach; 6.4.1 Selection of Approach Side.
6.4.2 Posterior Fixation OptionsReferences; 7: New Implants and Techniques in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: True Percutaneous Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (pTLIF) with the Posterolateral Transforaminal Endoscopic Approach; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Posterolateral Transforaminal Approach for Percutaneous Fusion Surgery; 7.3 B-Twin Expandable Implant: Surgical Technique; 7.4 Percutaneous PerX 360°"!System: pTLIF Surgical Technique; 7.5 Posterior Fixation Devices; 7.6 Complications; References; 8: New Techniques and MIS: The Minimally Invasive TLIF; 8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Indication and Patients Population8.3 Technique; 8.4 Results; 8.5 Discussion; References; 9: New Techniques and MIS: The Awake TLIF; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Surgical Technique; 9.2.1 Anesthesia and Patient Positioning; 9.2.2 Incision and Endoscopic Discectomy; 9.2.3 Interbody Fusion; 9.2.4 Percutaneous Screw and Rod Fixation; 9.2.5 Wound Closure and Postoperative Care; 9.3 Important Elements of Awake TLIF; 9.4 Surgical Indications and Limitation; 9.5 Outcomes; 9.6 Complications; 9.7 Discussion; References.