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Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Editors and Contributors; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1 Introduction: Theory, Practice and History ; Theory; Britain; Germany and the Continent; Practice; References; Chapter 2 Western Europe ; Legal Provisions for Referendums in Western Europe; Why Are Referendums Held?; When Are Referendums Won?; The Effect of Referendums; Conclusion; References; Chapter 3 Switzerland ; The Origins of Swiss Direct Democracy; Mechanisms of Direct Democracy at the National Level
1848-the Mandatory Constitutional Referendum and the Citizens' Initiative for a Total Revision of the Constitution1874 the Optional Legislative Referendum; 1891 the Citizens' Initiative for Partial Revision of the Constitution and the Counter-Proposal by Parliament; The Optional and Mandatory Treaty Referendums; 1949 Mandatory and Optional Referendums in the Case of Urgent Decrees; 2003 the 'General Initiative'; Voting Channels; Who Is Allowed to Vote?; Mechanisms of Direct Democracy at the Cantonal Level; Europeanization and Globalization; Participation; Direct Democracy Campaigns
Functions and Effects of Direct DemocracyConclusion; References; Chapter 4 Russia, the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe ; The Referendum in Communist Experience; Poland, November 1987; Soviet Union, March 1991; The Referendum in the Transition from Communism; The Referendum in the Post-Soviet World; Central European Democracies; Patterns; References; Chapter 5 North America and the Caribbean ; History; Populists Versus Progressives; Rules for Using Referendums and Initiatives in the US; Rules for Using Referendums and Initiatives in Canada; Use of Referendums and Initiatives in Canada
Contemporary Use of Referendums and Initiatives in the US21st-Century Direct Democracy in California; Billionaire Pluralism; Consequences of Direct Democracy in the US; Conclusion; Appendix A: Referendums in the Caribbean and Central America; References; Chapter 6 Latin America ; What Is and What Is not Direct Democracy in the Latin American Context?; Evaluating Mechanisms of Direct Democracy in Latin America; Conclusions; References; Chapter 7 Africa ; Direct Democracy in Africa; Referendums in the African Context: Legal Requirements and Implementation; Southern and Eastern Africa
ImplementationWestern and Central Africa; Implementation; Referendums in Northern Africa; Implementation; Failing Referendums; Conclusions; References; Chapter 8 Australasia ; Referendums and Plebiscites in Asia; Provisions for Referendums; Plebiscites; Mandatory Constitutional Referendums; Referendums in Oceania; Australia; Anchor 8; Pacific Microstates; The Balance-Sheet for Oceania; Conclusion; References; Chapter 9 Two Hundred Years of Referendums ; Plebiscites; Conclusion; Reference; Appendix A: Nationwide Referendums 1793-2016; Index
1848-the Mandatory Constitutional Referendum and the Citizens' Initiative for a Total Revision of the Constitution1874 the Optional Legislative Referendum; 1891 the Citizens' Initiative for Partial Revision of the Constitution and the Counter-Proposal by Parliament; The Optional and Mandatory Treaty Referendums; 1949 Mandatory and Optional Referendums in the Case of Urgent Decrees; 2003 the 'General Initiative'; Voting Channels; Who Is Allowed to Vote?; Mechanisms of Direct Democracy at the Cantonal Level; Europeanization and Globalization; Participation; Direct Democracy Campaigns
Functions and Effects of Direct DemocracyConclusion; References; Chapter 4 Russia, the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe ; The Referendum in Communist Experience; Poland, November 1987; Soviet Union, March 1991; The Referendum in the Transition from Communism; The Referendum in the Post-Soviet World; Central European Democracies; Patterns; References; Chapter 5 North America and the Caribbean ; History; Populists Versus Progressives; Rules for Using Referendums and Initiatives in the US; Rules for Using Referendums and Initiatives in Canada; Use of Referendums and Initiatives in Canada
Contemporary Use of Referendums and Initiatives in the US21st-Century Direct Democracy in California; Billionaire Pluralism; Consequences of Direct Democracy in the US; Conclusion; Appendix A: Referendums in the Caribbean and Central America; References; Chapter 6 Latin America ; What Is and What Is not Direct Democracy in the Latin American Context?; Evaluating Mechanisms of Direct Democracy in Latin America; Conclusions; References; Chapter 7 Africa ; Direct Democracy in Africa; Referendums in the African Context: Legal Requirements and Implementation; Southern and Eastern Africa
ImplementationWestern and Central Africa; Implementation; Referendums in Northern Africa; Implementation; Failing Referendums; Conclusions; References; Chapter 8 Australasia ; Referendums and Plebiscites in Asia; Provisions for Referendums; Plebiscites; Mandatory Constitutional Referendums; Referendums in Oceania; Australia; Anchor 8; Pacific Microstates; The Balance-Sheet for Oceania; Conclusion; References; Chapter 9 Two Hundred Years of Referendums ; Plebiscites; Conclusion; Reference; Appendix A: Nationwide Referendums 1793-2016; Index