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Series Editor Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1 Morphogenic Setting and Diversity of Processes and Landforms: The Geomorphological Regions of Belgium; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Geomorphic Regions in Belgium and Luxembourg; 1.3 Geomorphological Themes; References; 2 An Introduction to the Geology of Belgium and Luxembourg; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Caledonian Cycle: The Lower Paleozoic Inliers; 2.3 The Variscan Cycle; 2.3.1 The Lower Devonian Detrital Formations; 2.3.2 The Middle Devonian Mixed Carbonate-Detrital Formations
2.3.3 The Upper Devonian Mixed Carbonate-Detrital Formations2.3.4 The Dinantian Carbonates; 2.3.5 The Namurian Detrital Formations; 2.3.6 The Westphalian Coal Measures; 2.3.7 The Variscan Orogeny; 2.4 The Post-orogenic Times; 2.5 The Homoclinal Triassic-Jurassic Series; 2.6 The Cretaceous Cover; 2.7 The Cenozoic; 2.8 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 3 The Climate of Belgium and Luxembourg; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Main Climatic Features; 3.2.1 Temperature; 3.2.2 Precipitation; 3.2.3 Other Climatic Features; 3.3 Atmospheric Circulation; References
4 Landscapes and Landforms of the Luxembourg Sandstone, Grand-Duchy of LuxembourgAbstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Geological and Geomorphological Background; 4.3 Luxembourg's Little Switzerland and the Wolfsschlucht (Wolf's Gorge); 4.3.1 Cliff and Gorge Formation; 4.3.2 Overview of Weathering Structures in the Sandstone; 4.3.2.1 Large Open Fissures; 4.3.2.2 Dissolution in Calcareous Beds; 4.3.2.3 Elliptical Cavities in the Sandstone; 4.3.2.4 Honeycomb Weathering; 4.3.2.5 Differential Weathering and Erosion; 4.3.2.6 Crust Formation; 4.3.2.7 Rock Overhangs in Creek Valleys
4.4 Luxembourg City in Its Natural Landscape4.5 Conclusion; References; 5 Erosion Surfaces in the Ardenne-Oesling and Their Associated Kaolinic Weathering Mantle; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Weathering Mantles; 5.2.1 Geographical and Geological Setting; 5.2.2 Characterization and Dating of Key Ardennian Saprolites; 5.3 Erosion Surfaces in the Ardenne and Oesling; 5.3.1 Geographical and Geological Setting; 5.3.2 Shape and Characteristics of an Erosion Surface; 5.3.3 Identifying an Erosion Surface; 5.3.4 Erosion Surfaces of the Hautes Fagnes Plateau; 5.3.5 Dating a Surface
5.3.6 The Whole Picture: Stepped Surfaces of the Ardenne-Oesling5.4 Erosion Surfaces, Tectonic Uplift, and Denudation Rates in the Ardenne-Oesling; 5.5 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 6 A Unique Boulder-Bed Reach of the Amblève River, Ardenne, at Fonds de Quarreux: Modes of Boulder Transport; Abstract; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Geographical and Geological Settings; 6.3 The Fonds de Quarreux Boulder-Bed Stream Reach; 6.4 Modes of Boulder Transport; 6.4.1 Provenance of the Blocks; 6.4.2 Hydraulic Transport Under Temperate- and Cold-Period Hydrodynamic Conditions
2.3.3 The Upper Devonian Mixed Carbonate-Detrital Formations2.3.4 The Dinantian Carbonates; 2.3.5 The Namurian Detrital Formations; 2.3.6 The Westphalian Coal Measures; 2.3.7 The Variscan Orogeny; 2.4 The Post-orogenic Times; 2.5 The Homoclinal Triassic-Jurassic Series; 2.6 The Cretaceous Cover; 2.7 The Cenozoic; 2.8 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 3 The Climate of Belgium and Luxembourg; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Main Climatic Features; 3.2.1 Temperature; 3.2.2 Precipitation; 3.2.3 Other Climatic Features; 3.3 Atmospheric Circulation; References
4 Landscapes and Landforms of the Luxembourg Sandstone, Grand-Duchy of LuxembourgAbstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Geological and Geomorphological Background; 4.3 Luxembourg's Little Switzerland and the Wolfsschlucht (Wolf's Gorge); 4.3.1 Cliff and Gorge Formation; 4.3.2 Overview of Weathering Structures in the Sandstone; 4.3.2.1 Large Open Fissures; 4.3.2.2 Dissolution in Calcareous Beds; 4.3.2.3 Elliptical Cavities in the Sandstone; 4.3.2.4 Honeycomb Weathering; 4.3.2.5 Differential Weathering and Erosion; 4.3.2.6 Crust Formation; 4.3.2.7 Rock Overhangs in Creek Valleys
4.4 Luxembourg City in Its Natural Landscape4.5 Conclusion; References; 5 Erosion Surfaces in the Ardenne-Oesling and Their Associated Kaolinic Weathering Mantle; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Weathering Mantles; 5.2.1 Geographical and Geological Setting; 5.2.2 Characterization and Dating of Key Ardennian Saprolites; 5.3 Erosion Surfaces in the Ardenne and Oesling; 5.3.1 Geographical and Geological Setting; 5.3.2 Shape and Characteristics of an Erosion Surface; 5.3.3 Identifying an Erosion Surface; 5.3.4 Erosion Surfaces of the Hautes Fagnes Plateau; 5.3.5 Dating a Surface
5.3.6 The Whole Picture: Stepped Surfaces of the Ardenne-Oesling5.4 Erosion Surfaces, Tectonic Uplift, and Denudation Rates in the Ardenne-Oesling; 5.5 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 6 A Unique Boulder-Bed Reach of the Amblève River, Ardenne, at Fonds de Quarreux: Modes of Boulder Transport; Abstract; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Geographical and Geological Settings; 6.3 The Fonds de Quarreux Boulder-Bed Stream Reach; 6.4 Modes of Boulder Transport; 6.4.1 Provenance of the Blocks; 6.4.2 Hydraulic Transport Under Temperate- and Cold-Period Hydrodynamic Conditions