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1: Early fMRI Studies of Acupuncture; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Principles of fMRI; 1.2.1 MRI Contrast; 1.2.1.1 Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Contrast; 1.2.1.2 Neural Basis of BOLD Signal and Neurovascular Coupling; 1.3 Acupoint Specificity on fMRI; 1.3.1 Acupoint Functional Specificity on fMRI; 1.3.2 Acupoint Locational Specificity on fMRI; 1.3.3 Comparative Studies of Brain Responses to Acupoint Stimulation on fMRI; 1.4 fMRI Studies of Acupuncture Sensation; 1.5 fMRI Studies of Acupuncture Manipulation
1.5.1 fMRI Studies of Different Acupuncture Stimulation Modalities1.5.2 Influence of Acupuncture Parameters on Evoked Brain Responses; 1.6 fMRI Studies of Acupuncture Analgesia; 1.7 Methodological and Statistical Issues in Early fMRI Studies of Acupuncture; 1.8 Summary; References; 2: Temporospatial Encoding of Acupuncture Effects in the Brain; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods of Analysis for Human Acupuncture Neuroimaging Studies; 2.2.1 General Linear Model (GLM) Analysis; 2.2.2 Independent Component Analysis (ICA); 2.2.3 Functional Connectivity Analysis
2.2.4 Time Series State Analysis Algorithm Based on the Change-Point Theory2.3 Acupuncture Neuroimaging Studies in Humans; 2.3.1 Sustained Effects of Acupuncture and Its Influence on fMRI; 2.4 Brain Network Analysis Methods; 2.4.1 Graph Theory in Brain Network Analysis; 2.4.1.1 Common Network Parameters According to Graph Theory; 2.4.1.2 The Topological Properties of Small-World Networks and Scale-Free Networks; 2.4.2 The Application of Graph Theory in Neuroscience Studies; 2.4.3 The Application of Graph Theory in Acupuncture Studies
2.4.4 Analytical Algorithms Based on Pattern Classification2.5 The Temporospatial Encoding of Acupuncture Effects on Brain Networks; 2.6 Summary; References; 3: Targeting Mechanisms of Typical Indications of Acupuncture; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Mechanisms of Addiction; 3.2.1 Alterations in Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Heroin Addiction; 3.2.1.1 Alterations in Functional Network Characteristics According to Duration of Heroin Use; 3.2.1.2 Spatial and Temporal Alterations in Resting-State Networks Related to Heroin Addiction
3.2.1.3 Gray Matter Loss and Resting-State Abnormalities in Abstinent Heroin-Dependent Individuals3.2.2 Microstructural Abnormalities in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD); 3.3 Mechanisms of Migraine; 3.3.1 Regional Homogeneity Abnormalities in Patients with Interictal Migraine; 3.3.2 Gender-Related Differences in Resting-State Networks Dysfunction in Migraine; 3.4 Mechanisms of Functional Dyspepsia (FD); 3.4.1 White Matter Microstructural Changes in Functional Dyspepsia; 3.4.2 Abnormal Resting-State Brain Activity in Patients with FD
1.5.1 fMRI Studies of Different Acupuncture Stimulation Modalities1.5.2 Influence of Acupuncture Parameters on Evoked Brain Responses; 1.6 fMRI Studies of Acupuncture Analgesia; 1.7 Methodological and Statistical Issues in Early fMRI Studies of Acupuncture; 1.8 Summary; References; 2: Temporospatial Encoding of Acupuncture Effects in the Brain; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods of Analysis for Human Acupuncture Neuroimaging Studies; 2.2.1 General Linear Model (GLM) Analysis; 2.2.2 Independent Component Analysis (ICA); 2.2.3 Functional Connectivity Analysis
2.2.4 Time Series State Analysis Algorithm Based on the Change-Point Theory2.3 Acupuncture Neuroimaging Studies in Humans; 2.3.1 Sustained Effects of Acupuncture and Its Influence on fMRI; 2.4 Brain Network Analysis Methods; 2.4.1 Graph Theory in Brain Network Analysis; 2.4.1.1 Common Network Parameters According to Graph Theory; 2.4.1.2 The Topological Properties of Small-World Networks and Scale-Free Networks; 2.4.2 The Application of Graph Theory in Neuroscience Studies; 2.4.3 The Application of Graph Theory in Acupuncture Studies
2.4.4 Analytical Algorithms Based on Pattern Classification2.5 The Temporospatial Encoding of Acupuncture Effects on Brain Networks; 2.6 Summary; References; 3: Targeting Mechanisms of Typical Indications of Acupuncture; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Mechanisms of Addiction; 3.2.1 Alterations in Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Heroin Addiction; 3.2.1.1 Alterations in Functional Network Characteristics According to Duration of Heroin Use; 3.2.1.2 Spatial and Temporal Alterations in Resting-State Networks Related to Heroin Addiction
3.2.1.3 Gray Matter Loss and Resting-State Abnormalities in Abstinent Heroin-Dependent Individuals3.2.2 Microstructural Abnormalities in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD); 3.3 Mechanisms of Migraine; 3.3.1 Regional Homogeneity Abnormalities in Patients with Interictal Migraine; 3.3.2 Gender-Related Differences in Resting-State Networks Dysfunction in Migraine; 3.4 Mechanisms of Functional Dyspepsia (FD); 3.4.1 White Matter Microstructural Changes in Functional Dyspepsia; 3.4.2 Abnormal Resting-State Brain Activity in Patients with FD