Acknowledgements; Contents; About the Authors; A Note on Terminology ; List of Figures; Introduction; Part I New Challenges; Chapter 1 Conflict and Violent Extremism: Theories and Evidence; Abstract ; Introduction; Creed or Grievance? Causes of Violent Extremism in Conflicts; Wars of Ideas? The Importance of Ideology; Kith and Kin: Identity and Socialisation; Grievance and Governance; Are Violent Islamists a New Type of Conflict Actor?; Same Old, Same Old?; Rational Actors?; Conclusion; References; Part II Testing Theories and Evidence in Kenya, Nigeria and SyriaIraq

Chapter 2 Kenya: More Local than GlobalAbstract ; Introduction: Background to the Conflict and the Main Groups; Al Shabaab and Al-Hijra; The MRC, Mungiki and Mau Mau Movement; Aims and Objectives of the Groups; Recruitment and Motivation; Tactics and Methods; Conclusion; References; Chapter 3 Nigeria: A Religious Framing of Grievances; Abstract ; Introduction: Background to the Conflict and the Main Groups; Boko Haram; Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND); Aims and Objectives of the Groups; Tactics and Methods; Recruitment and Motivation; Conclusion; References

Chapter 4 Iraq and Syria: Complex, Dynamic and DividedAbstract ; Introduction: Background to the Conflict and the Main Groups; The 2003 Invasion of Iraq and Its Consequences; Al Qaida in Iraq; The Impact of the Syrian Civil War; Aims, Recruitment and Tactics of the Groups; ISIL; JaN; AaS; Shia Militias; Conclusion; References; PART II Conclusions to Part Two; Part III New Responses; Chapter 5 Implications for Development, Peacebuilding and Statebuilding; Abstract ; Introduction; "Working In" War; "Working On" War; Legitimate and Inclusive Politics

Ensuring State Provision of Basic ServicesAddressing the Causes and Consequences of Conflict; A Role for Development; References; Bibliography; Index