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Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1 Historical Perspective of Soil Research in Turkey; 1 Introduction; 2 Soil Research by Relevant Topics; 2.1 Soil Survey Studies and Spatial Analyses; 2.2 Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition; 2.3 Soil/Land and Water Management and Conservation; 2.4 Soil Mineralogy and Micromorphology; 2.5 Soil Microbiology; 3 Governmental Bodies; 3.1 State Universities; 3.2 Agricultural Research Centers; 3.3 State Hydraulic Works (DSİ -Devlet Su İşleri- Turkish Acronym); 3.4 Soil-Water General Directorate (TOPRAKSU-Turkish Acronym)
3.5 Central Research Institute for Soil, Fertilizers and Water Resources3.6 General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (GDARP); 3.7 General Directorate of Agricultural Reform (GDAR); 4 Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs); 4.1 The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats (TEMA); 4.2 The Soil Science Society of Turkey (SSST); References; 2 Vegetation; 1 Introduction; 2 The Forests of Turkey; 2.1 Forests of the Black Sea Region; 2.1.1 The Eastern Black Sea Subregion; 2.1.2 The Central Black Sea Region
2.1.3 The Western Black Sea Subregion2.1.4 The Coastal Belt of the Marmara Subregion; 2.2 The Marmara Transitional Region; 2.2.1 The Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forests; 2.2.2 The P. Brutia and Quercus Forests; 2.3 The Mediterranean and Aegean Phytogeographical Region; 2.3.1 Shrub (Maquis and Garrigue) Formation; 2.3.2 Maquis Vegetation; 2.3.3 Garrigue (Phrygana) Vegetation; 2.3.4 Forest Formations of the Mediterranean Region; 2.3.5 Mountain Forests of the Mediterranean Region; 2.4 The Forests of the Mediterranean Transitional Region; 2.4.1 Pinus Brutia, Cedrus Libani and Quercus Forests
2.5 Central and Eastern Anatolian Regions2.5.1 Dry Forests; 2.5.2 Quercus Forests of Eastern Turkey; 2.5.3 Tall Steppe and Grass Vegetation; 2.6 The Southeastern Anatolian Region; 2.6.1 Pinus Brutia and Quercus Forests; 2.6.2 Pure Quercus Forests; References; 3 Climate; 1 Introduction; 2 Present Climate of Turkey; 2.1 The Climate Classification of the Region; 3 Future Climate of Turkey: Evolution of CMIP3/CMIP5 Models; 3.1 Dynamical Downscaling Using CMIP3 Models: Future Climate Projections; 3.2 Temperature and Precipitation; 3.3 Soil Moisture
3.4 Drought Indices: Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)4 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Climate Change and Soils; 1 Introduction; 2 Soil Resources of Turkey; 3 Changes in Climatic Conditions; 4 Soil Climate Conditions; 5 Changes in Soil Processes by Climate Change and Human Intervention; 6 Impacts of Climate Change; 7 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Geology; 1 Introduction; 2 Classification of the Tectonic Units; 3 The Istranca Terrane; 4 The İstanbul-Zonguldak Composite Terrane; 5 The Intra-Pontide Ophiolite Belt; 6 The Sakarya Composite Terrane
3.5 Central Research Institute for Soil, Fertilizers and Water Resources3.6 General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (GDARP); 3.7 General Directorate of Agricultural Reform (GDAR); 4 Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs); 4.1 The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats (TEMA); 4.2 The Soil Science Society of Turkey (SSST); References; 2 Vegetation; 1 Introduction; 2 The Forests of Turkey; 2.1 Forests of the Black Sea Region; 2.1.1 The Eastern Black Sea Subregion; 2.1.2 The Central Black Sea Region
2.1.3 The Western Black Sea Subregion2.1.4 The Coastal Belt of the Marmara Subregion; 2.2 The Marmara Transitional Region; 2.2.1 The Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forests; 2.2.2 The P. Brutia and Quercus Forests; 2.3 The Mediterranean and Aegean Phytogeographical Region; 2.3.1 Shrub (Maquis and Garrigue) Formation; 2.3.2 Maquis Vegetation; 2.3.3 Garrigue (Phrygana) Vegetation; 2.3.4 Forest Formations of the Mediterranean Region; 2.3.5 Mountain Forests of the Mediterranean Region; 2.4 The Forests of the Mediterranean Transitional Region; 2.4.1 Pinus Brutia, Cedrus Libani and Quercus Forests
2.5 Central and Eastern Anatolian Regions2.5.1 Dry Forests; 2.5.2 Quercus Forests of Eastern Turkey; 2.5.3 Tall Steppe and Grass Vegetation; 2.6 The Southeastern Anatolian Region; 2.6.1 Pinus Brutia and Quercus Forests; 2.6.2 Pure Quercus Forests; References; 3 Climate; 1 Introduction; 2 Present Climate of Turkey; 2.1 The Climate Classification of the Region; 3 Future Climate of Turkey: Evolution of CMIP3/CMIP5 Models; 3.1 Dynamical Downscaling Using CMIP3 Models: Future Climate Projections; 3.2 Temperature and Precipitation; 3.3 Soil Moisture
3.4 Drought Indices: Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)4 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Climate Change and Soils; 1 Introduction; 2 Soil Resources of Turkey; 3 Changes in Climatic Conditions; 4 Soil Climate Conditions; 5 Changes in Soil Processes by Climate Change and Human Intervention; 6 Impacts of Climate Change; 7 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Geology; 1 Introduction; 2 Classification of the Tectonic Units; 3 The Istranca Terrane; 4 The İstanbul-Zonguldak Composite Terrane; 5 The Intra-Pontide Ophiolite Belt; 6 The Sakarya Composite Terrane