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Preface; Contents; 1: The Atom; 1.1 Electronic Structure of the Atom; 1.2 Chemical Bonds; 1.2.1 Electrovalent or Ionic Bond; 1.2.2 Covalent Bond; 1.2.3 Coordinate Covalent Bond; 1.2.4 Complex Formation; 1.3 Structure of the Nucleus; 1.3.1 Nomenclature; Suggested Reading; 2: Radioactive Decay; 2.1 Decay of Radionuclides; 2.1.1 Spontaneous Fission; 2.1.2 Alpha Decay (α-Decay); 2.1.3 Beta Decay (β#x80;#x93;-Decay); 2.1.4 Positron or β+-Decay; 2.1.5 Electron Capture; 2.1.6 Isomeric Transition; 2.2 Radioactive Decay Equations; 2.2.1 General Equation.
2.2.2 Half-Life and Mean Life2.2.3 Units of Radioactivity; 2.2.4 Calculations; 2.3 Successive Decay Equations; 2.3.1 General Equation; 2.3.2 Transient Equilibrium; 2.3.3 Secular Equilibrium; 2.4 Statistics of Counting; 2.4.1 Error, Accuracy, and Precision; 2.4.2 Standard Deviation; 2.4.3 Standard Deviation of Count Rates; 2.4.4 Propagation of Errors; Suggested Reading; 3: Instruments for Radiation Detection and Measurement; 3.1 Gas-Filled Detectors; 3.1.1 Dose Calibrators; 3.1.2 Geiger#x80;#x93;MÃơller Counters; 3.2 Scintillation-Detecting Instruments; 3.2.1 Collimator.
3.2.2 Detector3.2.3 Photomultiplier Tube; 3.2.4 Preamplifier; 3.2.5 Linear Amplifier; 3.2.6 Pulse Height Analyzer; 3.2.7 Display or Storage; 3.3 Scintillation Camera; 3.3.1 Collimator; 3.3.2 Detector; 3.3.3 X, Y Positioning Circuit; 3.3.4 Pulse Height Analyzer; 3.3.5 Digital Image; 3.3.6 Display and Storage; 3.4 Tomographic Imagers; 3.4.1 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography; 3.4.2 Positron Emission Tomography; 3.4.3 PET/CT, PET/MR, and SPECT/CT; Suggested Reading; 4: Production of Radionuclides; 4.1 Cyclotron-Produced Radionuclides; 4.1.1 Gallium-67.
4.1.2 Iodine-1234.1.3 Iodine-124; 4.1.4 Germanium-68; 4.1.5 Strontium-82; 4.1.6 Indium-111; 4.1.7 Copper-64; 4.1.8 Thallium-201; 4.1.9 Zirconium-89; 4.1.10 Carbon-11; 4.1.11 Nitrogen-13; 4.1.12 Oxygen-15; 4.1.13 Copper-62; 4.1.14 Fluorine-18; 4.2 Reactor-Produced Radionuclides; 4.2.1 Fission or (n, f) Reaction; Yttrium-90; Molybdenum-99; Iodine-131; Xenon-133; 4.2.2 Neutron Capture or (n, γ) Reaction; Phosphorus-32; Strontium-89; Iodine-125; Gadolinium-153; Samarium-153; Lutetium-177; Rhenium-186; Tungsten-188; Radium-223; 4.3 Target and Its Processing.
4.4 Equation for Production of Radionuclides4.5 Specific Activity; References and Suggested Reading; 5: Radionuclide Generators; 5.1 Principles of a Generator; 5.2 Important Radionuclide Generators; 5.2.1 99Mo#x80;#x93;99mTc Generator; Liquid Column Generator; Solid Column Generator; Yield of 99mTc; 99mTc Content in 99mTc-Eluate; Quality Control of 99mTc-Eluate; 99Mo Breakthrough; Other Radionuclide Contamination; Aluminum Breakthrough; pH; Radiochemical Purity; 5.2.2 68Ge#x80;#x93;68Ga Generator (GalliaPharm); 5.2.3 90Sr#x80;#x93;90Y Generator; 5.2.4 62Zn#x80;#x93;62Cu Generator.
5.2.5 82Sr#x80;#x93;82Rb Generator (Cardiogen-82).
2.2.2 Half-Life and Mean Life2.2.3 Units of Radioactivity; 2.2.4 Calculations; 2.3 Successive Decay Equations; 2.3.1 General Equation; 2.3.2 Transient Equilibrium; 2.3.3 Secular Equilibrium; 2.4 Statistics of Counting; 2.4.1 Error, Accuracy, and Precision; 2.4.2 Standard Deviation; 2.4.3 Standard Deviation of Count Rates; 2.4.4 Propagation of Errors; Suggested Reading; 3: Instruments for Radiation Detection and Measurement; 3.1 Gas-Filled Detectors; 3.1.1 Dose Calibrators; 3.1.2 Geiger#x80;#x93;MÃơller Counters; 3.2 Scintillation-Detecting Instruments; 3.2.1 Collimator.
3.2.2 Detector3.2.3 Photomultiplier Tube; 3.2.4 Preamplifier; 3.2.5 Linear Amplifier; 3.2.6 Pulse Height Analyzer; 3.2.7 Display or Storage; 3.3 Scintillation Camera; 3.3.1 Collimator; 3.3.2 Detector; 3.3.3 X, Y Positioning Circuit; 3.3.4 Pulse Height Analyzer; 3.3.5 Digital Image; 3.3.6 Display and Storage; 3.4 Tomographic Imagers; 3.4.1 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography; 3.4.2 Positron Emission Tomography; 3.4.3 PET/CT, PET/MR, and SPECT/CT; Suggested Reading; 4: Production of Radionuclides; 4.1 Cyclotron-Produced Radionuclides; 4.1.1 Gallium-67.
4.1.2 Iodine-1234.1.3 Iodine-124; 4.1.4 Germanium-68; 4.1.5 Strontium-82; 4.1.6 Indium-111; 4.1.7 Copper-64; 4.1.8 Thallium-201; 4.1.9 Zirconium-89; 4.1.10 Carbon-11; 4.1.11 Nitrogen-13; 4.1.12 Oxygen-15; 4.1.13 Copper-62; 4.1.14 Fluorine-18; 4.2 Reactor-Produced Radionuclides; 4.2.1 Fission or (n, f) Reaction; Yttrium-90; Molybdenum-99; Iodine-131; Xenon-133; 4.2.2 Neutron Capture or (n, γ) Reaction; Phosphorus-32; Strontium-89; Iodine-125; Gadolinium-153; Samarium-153; Lutetium-177; Rhenium-186; Tungsten-188; Radium-223; 4.3 Target and Its Processing.
4.4 Equation for Production of Radionuclides4.5 Specific Activity; References and Suggested Reading; 5: Radionuclide Generators; 5.1 Principles of a Generator; 5.2 Important Radionuclide Generators; 5.2.1 99Mo#x80;#x93;99mTc Generator; Liquid Column Generator; Solid Column Generator; Yield of 99mTc; 99mTc Content in 99mTc-Eluate; Quality Control of 99mTc-Eluate; 99Mo Breakthrough; Other Radionuclide Contamination; Aluminum Breakthrough; pH; Radiochemical Purity; 5.2.2 68Ge#x80;#x93;68Ga Generator (GalliaPharm); 5.2.3 90Sr#x80;#x93;90Y Generator; 5.2.4 62Zn#x80;#x93;62Cu Generator.
5.2.5 82Sr#x80;#x93;82Rb Generator (Cardiogen-82).