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Supervisorś Foreword; Preface; Parts of this Thesis Have Been Published in the Following Journal Articles; Acknowledgments; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs); 1.1.1 Electronic Band Structure; 1.1.2 Optical Selection Rules; 1.1.3 Excitons; 1.2 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy; 1.2.1 Coherent Light-Matter Interactions; 1.2.2 Quasi-equilibrium Dynamics; References; Chapter 2: Time-Resolved Absorption Spectroscopy; 2.1 Experimental Setup; 2.1.1 Overview; 2.1.2 Laser Amplifier; 2.1.3 Optical Parametric Amplifier; 2.1.4 White Light Continuum.
2.2 Data Analysis2.2.1 Kramers-Kronig Analysis; 2.2.2 Maxwellś Equations for Monolayer Sample; References; Chapter 3: Intervalley Biexcitons in Monolayer MoS2; 3.1 Intervalley Biexcitons; 3.2 Experimental Methods; 3.3 Experimental Results and Discussions; 3.3.1 Intravalley and Intervalley Scattering; 3.3.2 Signature of Intervalley Biexcitons; 3.4 Time-Resolved Cooling Process; 3.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Valley-Selective Optical Stark Effect in Monolayer WS2; 4.1 Optical Stark Effect; 4.1.1 Semiclassical Description; 4.1.2 Quantum-Mechanical Description; 4.2 Experimental Methods.
4.3 Observation of the Optical Stark Effect4.4 Valley Selectivity; 4.5 Fluence and Detuning Dependences; 4.6 Proposal: Valley-Specific Floquet Topological Phase in TMDs; 4.7 Supplementary; 4.7.1 Time-Resolved Spectra; 4.7.2 Polarization-Resolved Spectra; 4.7.3 Obtaining Energy Shift; 4.7.4 Comparison from Semiclassical Theory; References; Chapter 5: Intervalley Biexcitonic Optical Stark Effect in Monolayer WS2; 5.1 Blue-Detuned Optical Stark Effect; 5.2 Experimental Methods; 5.3 Experimental Results and Data Analysis; 5.4 Intervalley Biexcitonic Optical Stark Effect.
5.4.1 Four-Level Jaynes-Cummings Model5.5 Perspective: Zeeman-Type Optical Stark Effect; 5.6 Supplementary; 5.6.1 Coherent and Incoherent Optical Signals; 5.6.2 Time-Trace Fitting Decomposition Analysis; 5.6.3 Possible Effects Under Red-Detuned Pumping; 5.6.4 Fitting Analysis; References; Chapter 6: Large, Valley-Exclusive Bloch-Siegert Shift in Monolayer WS2; 6.1 Bloch-Siegert Shift; 6.1.1 Semiclassical Description; 6.1.2 Quantum-Mechanical Description; 6.2 Experimental Methods; 6.3 Observation of the Bloch-Siegert Shift; 6.4 Fluence and Detuning Dependences.
6.5 Valley-Exclusive Optical Stark Shift and Bloch-Siegert Shift6.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 7: Lennard-Jones-Like Potential of 2D Excitons in Monolayer WS2; 7.1 Many-Body Interactions in 2D TMDs; 7.2 Experimental Methods; 7.3 Optical Signature of Many-Body Effects; 7.3.1 Exciton Redshift-Blueshift Crossover; 7.3.2 At Low Density: Plasma Contribution; 7.3.3 At High Density: Exciton Contribution; 7.4 Lennard-Jones-Like Potential as an Effective Model; 7.5 Chronological Signature of Interactions in Time-Resolved Spectra; 7.6 Summary; 7.7 Supplementary.
2.2 Data Analysis2.2.1 Kramers-Kronig Analysis; 2.2.2 Maxwellś Equations for Monolayer Sample; References; Chapter 3: Intervalley Biexcitons in Monolayer MoS2; 3.1 Intervalley Biexcitons; 3.2 Experimental Methods; 3.3 Experimental Results and Discussions; 3.3.1 Intravalley and Intervalley Scattering; 3.3.2 Signature of Intervalley Biexcitons; 3.4 Time-Resolved Cooling Process; 3.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Valley-Selective Optical Stark Effect in Monolayer WS2; 4.1 Optical Stark Effect; 4.1.1 Semiclassical Description; 4.1.2 Quantum-Mechanical Description; 4.2 Experimental Methods.
4.3 Observation of the Optical Stark Effect4.4 Valley Selectivity; 4.5 Fluence and Detuning Dependences; 4.6 Proposal: Valley-Specific Floquet Topological Phase in TMDs; 4.7 Supplementary; 4.7.1 Time-Resolved Spectra; 4.7.2 Polarization-Resolved Spectra; 4.7.3 Obtaining Energy Shift; 4.7.4 Comparison from Semiclassical Theory; References; Chapter 5: Intervalley Biexcitonic Optical Stark Effect in Monolayer WS2; 5.1 Blue-Detuned Optical Stark Effect; 5.2 Experimental Methods; 5.3 Experimental Results and Data Analysis; 5.4 Intervalley Biexcitonic Optical Stark Effect.
5.4.1 Four-Level Jaynes-Cummings Model5.5 Perspective: Zeeman-Type Optical Stark Effect; 5.6 Supplementary; 5.6.1 Coherent and Incoherent Optical Signals; 5.6.2 Time-Trace Fitting Decomposition Analysis; 5.6.3 Possible Effects Under Red-Detuned Pumping; 5.6.4 Fitting Analysis; References; Chapter 6: Large, Valley-Exclusive Bloch-Siegert Shift in Monolayer WS2; 6.1 Bloch-Siegert Shift; 6.1.1 Semiclassical Description; 6.1.2 Quantum-Mechanical Description; 6.2 Experimental Methods; 6.3 Observation of the Bloch-Siegert Shift; 6.4 Fluence and Detuning Dependences.
6.5 Valley-Exclusive Optical Stark Shift and Bloch-Siegert Shift6.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 7: Lennard-Jones-Like Potential of 2D Excitons in Monolayer WS2; 7.1 Many-Body Interactions in 2D TMDs; 7.2 Experimental Methods; 7.3 Optical Signature of Many-Body Effects; 7.3.1 Exciton Redshift-Blueshift Crossover; 7.3.2 At Low Density: Plasma Contribution; 7.3.3 At High Density: Exciton Contribution; 7.4 Lennard-Jones-Like Potential as an Effective Model; 7.5 Chronological Signature of Interactions in Time-Resolved Spectra; 7.6 Summary; 7.7 Supplementary.