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Dedication; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; About the Author; Chapter 1: Micro- and Nanotechnologies to Probe Brain Mechanobiology; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Tools to Explore the Effects of Biomechanical Forces on the Brain; 1.2.1 Conventional Tools; 1.2.2 Microtechnology Tools; 1.2.3 Nanotechnology Tools; 1.3 Effects of Biomechanical Forces on Cellular Functions; 1.3.1 Regulation of Gene Expression and Calcium Influx; 1.3.2 Regulation of Synapses and Neurotransmitter Release; 1.3.3 Regulation of Neurite Growth; 1.3.4 Regulation of Circuitry and Plasticity.
1.3.5 Regulation of Brain Folding1.3.6 Traumatic Brain Injuries; 1.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Acute Neural Stimulation; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Results and Discussions; 2.2.1 Experimental Setup; 2.2.2 Characterization of Starch- and Chitosan-Coated MNPs; 2.2.3 Location and Uptake of MNPs; 2.2.4 Nano-Magnetic Forces Induce Ca2+ Influxes; 2.2.5 The Location of MNPs Affected the Response of Cortical Neural Networks to Nano-Magnetic Forces; 2.2.6 Mechanism of Stimulation; 2.2.7 Lipid Bilayer Stretch Model; 2.3 Conclusions; 2.4 Materials and Methods.
2.4.1 Fabrication of Magnetic Chips2.4.2 Cortical Neural Culture; 2.4.3 Characterization of Nanoparticle Properties; 2.4.4 Nanoparticle Incubation; 2.4.5 Calcium Dye Incubation and Magnetic Force Stimulation; 2.4.6 Immunofluorescent Labeling; 2.4.7 Cytotoxicity Assay; 2.4.8 Flow Cytometry Analysis; 2.4.9 Image Acquisition, Analysis, and Statistical Evaluations; References; Chapter 3: Chronic Neural Stimulation; 3.1 Modulation of Excitatory: Inhibitory Ion Channel Ratio in Neurons with Magnetic Stimulation; 3.2 Conclusions; 3.3 Materials and Methods.
3.3.1 Quantification of Magnetic Forces3.3.2 Chronic Magnetic Force Stimulation; 3.3.3 Statistical Significance; References; Chapter 4: Phenotypic Selection of Magnetospirillum magneticum (AMB-1) Over-Producers Using Magnetic Ratcheting; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Results and Discussions; 4.2.1 Development of Magnetic Ratcheting Platform; 4.2.2 Generation of AMB-1 Library with Magnetic Ratcheting; 4.2.3 The Properties of Magnetosomes Produced by Over-Ưproducers Were Similar to Wild Type; 4.3 Conclusions; 4.4 Materials and Methods; 4.4.1 Culture Conditions.
4.4.2 Characterization of Cellular Magnetization (Cmag)4.4.3 Isolation of Magnetosomes; 4.4.4 SQUID Characterization; 4.4.5 Chip Fabrication; 4.4.6 Automated Ratcheting System and Particle Experiments; 4.4.7 Electron Microscopy; References; Chapter 5: Magnetic Microfluidic Separation for Estimating the Magnetic Contents of Magnetotactic Bacteria; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Results and Discussions; 5.2.1 Design of Magnetic Microfluidic Device; 5.2.2 Optimizing Flow Ratio with Particles; 5.2.3 Minimizing Flagella Motion.
1.3.5 Regulation of Brain Folding1.3.6 Traumatic Brain Injuries; 1.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Acute Neural Stimulation; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Results and Discussions; 2.2.1 Experimental Setup; 2.2.2 Characterization of Starch- and Chitosan-Coated MNPs; 2.2.3 Location and Uptake of MNPs; 2.2.4 Nano-Magnetic Forces Induce Ca2+ Influxes; 2.2.5 The Location of MNPs Affected the Response of Cortical Neural Networks to Nano-Magnetic Forces; 2.2.6 Mechanism of Stimulation; 2.2.7 Lipid Bilayer Stretch Model; 2.3 Conclusions; 2.4 Materials and Methods.
2.4.1 Fabrication of Magnetic Chips2.4.2 Cortical Neural Culture; 2.4.3 Characterization of Nanoparticle Properties; 2.4.4 Nanoparticle Incubation; 2.4.5 Calcium Dye Incubation and Magnetic Force Stimulation; 2.4.6 Immunofluorescent Labeling; 2.4.7 Cytotoxicity Assay; 2.4.8 Flow Cytometry Analysis; 2.4.9 Image Acquisition, Analysis, and Statistical Evaluations; References; Chapter 3: Chronic Neural Stimulation; 3.1 Modulation of Excitatory: Inhibitory Ion Channel Ratio in Neurons with Magnetic Stimulation; 3.2 Conclusions; 3.3 Materials and Methods.
3.3.1 Quantification of Magnetic Forces3.3.2 Chronic Magnetic Force Stimulation; 3.3.3 Statistical Significance; References; Chapter 4: Phenotypic Selection of Magnetospirillum magneticum (AMB-1) Over-Producers Using Magnetic Ratcheting; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Results and Discussions; 4.2.1 Development of Magnetic Ratcheting Platform; 4.2.2 Generation of AMB-1 Library with Magnetic Ratcheting; 4.2.3 The Properties of Magnetosomes Produced by Over-Ưproducers Were Similar to Wild Type; 4.3 Conclusions; 4.4 Materials and Methods; 4.4.1 Culture Conditions.
4.4.2 Characterization of Cellular Magnetization (Cmag)4.4.3 Isolation of Magnetosomes; 4.4.4 SQUID Characterization; 4.4.5 Chip Fabrication; 4.4.6 Automated Ratcheting System and Particle Experiments; 4.4.7 Electron Microscopy; References; Chapter 5: Magnetic Microfluidic Separation for Estimating the Magnetic Contents of Magnetotactic Bacteria; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Results and Discussions; 5.2.1 Design of Magnetic Microfluidic Device; 5.2.2 Optimizing Flow Ratio with Particles; 5.2.3 Minimizing Flagella Motion.