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Table of Contents
Intro; Contents; List of Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Scope of the Book; 1.3 Outline of the Book; References; 2 State of the Art; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Wireless Power Transfer; 2.3 mm-Wave Wireless Power Transfer; 2.4 Techniques for Low Power Consumption; 2.5 Wirelessly Powered Sensor Node; 2.6 Conclusion; References; 3 System Analysis of mm-Wave Wireless Sensor Networks; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 System Description; 3.3 Link Budget Calculation; 3.3.1 Downlink; 3.3.2 Uplink; 3.4 Conclusion; References; 4 Rectifier Analysis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Basic Rectifier Structure.
4.3 Rectifier Performance Parameters4.3.1 General Wireless Power System Architecture; 4.3.2 Rectifier Performance Parameters; 4.4 Rectifier Analysis and Modeling; 4.4.1 Modeling of Rectifier with Low Input Power; 4.4.1.1 Equilibrium Voltage; 4.4.1.2 Input Resistance; 4.4.1.3 Charging of the Storage Capacitor; 4.4.1.4 Comparison with Circuit Simulation Results; 4.4.2 Modeling of Rectifier with High Input Power; 4.4.2.1 Choice of W/L; 4.4.2.2 Maximum Efficiency; 4.4.2.3 Relation Between Efficiency and Threshold Voltage; 4.4.2.4 Relation Between Efficiency and Input Voltage.
4.5 Limitations of Rectifier Modeling and Challenges4.5.1 Rectifier Modeling Limitation; 4.5.2 mm-Wave Rectifier Challenges; 4.5.2.1 Efficiency; 4.5.2.2 Sensitivity; 4.6 Conclusion; References; 5 mm-Wave Rectifiers; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methods to Improve the mm-Wave Rectifier Performance; 5.2.1 Threshold Voltage Modulation; 5.2.2 Inductor Peaking; 5.2.3 Output Filter; 5.3 mm-Wave Rectifier Implementation and Measurement; 5.3.1 Single-Stage Inductor-Peaked Rectifier with Output Filter; 5.3.2 Multi-Stage Inductor-Peaked Rectifier with Output Filter; 5.3.3 5060GHz Broadband Rectifier.
5.4 ConclusionsReferences; 6 mm-Wave Monolithic Integrated Sensor Nodes; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 System Description; 6.2.1 System Behavior Description; 6.2.2 Two-Antenna Sensor Node System Architecture; 6.2.3 One-Antenna Sensor Node System Architecture; 6.2.4 Comparison of the Two Solutions; 6.3 Circuit Design; 6.3.1 Multi-Stage Rectifier for Wireless Power Receiver; 6.3.2 End-of-Burst Monitor; 6.3.3 RF Switch; 6.3.4 On-Chip Antenna; 6.3.5 Matching Between the Rectifier and the On-Chip Antenna; 6.3.6 Transmitter with Temperature Sensing; 6.4 mm-Wave Sensor Nodes Implementation.
6.4.1 mm-Wave Sensor Node with Two Antennas6.4.2 mm-Wave Sensor Node with One Antenna; 6.5 Conclusion; References; 7 mm-Wave Low-Power Receiver; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Radio-Triggered Passive Receiver Architecture; 7.3 Energy Models; 7.3.1 Antenna and Matching Network; 7.3.2 RF Rectifier; 7.3.3 LNA; 7.3.4 Self-mixer; 7.3.5 System Limitations; 7.4 System Evaluation; 7.5 Circuit Implementation for the 60GHz Ultra-Low-Power Receiver; 7.5.1 60GHz Injection-Locked Oscillator; 7.5.2 60GHz Low Power Differential LNA; 7.5.3 60GHz Passive Mixer; 7.5.4 60GHz Ultra-Low-Power OOK Receiver.
4.3 Rectifier Performance Parameters4.3.1 General Wireless Power System Architecture; 4.3.2 Rectifier Performance Parameters; 4.4 Rectifier Analysis and Modeling; 4.4.1 Modeling of Rectifier with Low Input Power; 4.4.1.1 Equilibrium Voltage; 4.4.1.2 Input Resistance; 4.4.1.3 Charging of the Storage Capacitor; 4.4.1.4 Comparison with Circuit Simulation Results; 4.4.2 Modeling of Rectifier with High Input Power; 4.4.2.1 Choice of W/L; 4.4.2.2 Maximum Efficiency; 4.4.2.3 Relation Between Efficiency and Threshold Voltage; 4.4.2.4 Relation Between Efficiency and Input Voltage.
4.5 Limitations of Rectifier Modeling and Challenges4.5.1 Rectifier Modeling Limitation; 4.5.2 mm-Wave Rectifier Challenges; 4.5.2.1 Efficiency; 4.5.2.2 Sensitivity; 4.6 Conclusion; References; 5 mm-Wave Rectifiers; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methods to Improve the mm-Wave Rectifier Performance; 5.2.1 Threshold Voltage Modulation; 5.2.2 Inductor Peaking; 5.2.3 Output Filter; 5.3 mm-Wave Rectifier Implementation and Measurement; 5.3.1 Single-Stage Inductor-Peaked Rectifier with Output Filter; 5.3.2 Multi-Stage Inductor-Peaked Rectifier with Output Filter; 5.3.3 5060GHz Broadband Rectifier.
5.4 ConclusionsReferences; 6 mm-Wave Monolithic Integrated Sensor Nodes; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 System Description; 6.2.1 System Behavior Description; 6.2.2 Two-Antenna Sensor Node System Architecture; 6.2.3 One-Antenna Sensor Node System Architecture; 6.2.4 Comparison of the Two Solutions; 6.3 Circuit Design; 6.3.1 Multi-Stage Rectifier for Wireless Power Receiver; 6.3.2 End-of-Burst Monitor; 6.3.3 RF Switch; 6.3.4 On-Chip Antenna; 6.3.5 Matching Between the Rectifier and the On-Chip Antenna; 6.3.6 Transmitter with Temperature Sensing; 6.4 mm-Wave Sensor Nodes Implementation.
6.4.1 mm-Wave Sensor Node with Two Antennas6.4.2 mm-Wave Sensor Node with One Antenna; 6.5 Conclusion; References; 7 mm-Wave Low-Power Receiver; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Radio-Triggered Passive Receiver Architecture; 7.3 Energy Models; 7.3.1 Antenna and Matching Network; 7.3.2 RF Rectifier; 7.3.3 LNA; 7.3.4 Self-mixer; 7.3.5 System Limitations; 7.4 System Evaluation; 7.5 Circuit Implementation for the 60GHz Ultra-Low-Power Receiver; 7.5.1 60GHz Injection-Locked Oscillator; 7.5.2 60GHz Low Power Differential LNA; 7.5.3 60GHz Passive Mixer; 7.5.4 60GHz Ultra-Low-Power OOK Receiver.