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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; Nomenclature; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1 Mars ISRU; 1.1 Human Missions to Mars; 1.1.1 Background; 1.1.2 The Likely Mars Mission Scenario; 1.1.3 Crew Size; 1.1.3.1 Introduction; 1.1.3.2 Review of Some Studies on Crew Size; 1.1.3.3 Crew Size in Proposed Human Missions to Mars; 1.1.3.4 Psychological Aspects; 1.1.3.5 Earth Simulations and Analogs; 1.1.3.6 Habitats; 1.1.3.7 Summary and Implications for ISRU; 1.1.4 The Mars Ascent Vehicle; 1.1.4.1 Introduction; 1.1.4.2 Ascent from Mars: MAV and Crew Capsule.
1.1.5 Required ISRU Production Rates for Ascent Propellants1.1.6 Life Support and Consumables; 1.1.6.1 Consumable Requirements (Without Recycling); 1.1.6.2 Use of Recycling Systems; 1.1.6.3 Life Support Summary; 1.1.7 Mars Surface Transportation; 1.2 Mars Resources; 1.2.1 The Atmosphere; 1.2.2 Near-Surface H2O; 1.3 Acquiring Compressed CO2; 1.3.1 Compressors; 1.3.1.1 Sorption Compressor; 1.3.1.2 Cryogenic Compressor; 1.3.1.3 Mechanical Compressor Approach; 1.3.2 Dust Rejection; 1.3.2.1 Introduction; 1.3.2.2 Physical Properties of Mars Dust; 1.3.2.3 Optical Properties of Mars Dust.
1.3.2.4 Optical Depth on Mars1.3.2.5 Dust Particles Per Unit Volume in Mars Atmosphere; 1.3.2.6 Potential Dust Intake; 1.3.2.7 Dust Rejection Systems; 1.4 Processes Utilizing Mainly CO2 from the Atmosphere; 1.4.1 The Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction; 1.4.2 Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOXE); 1.4.2.1 Introduction; 1.4.2.2 Background; 1.4.2.3 MOXIE; 1.4.2.4 Operating Pressure and Temperature; 1.4.2.5 Oxygen Production Rate; 1.4.2.6 Flight Model Assembly; 1.5 The Sabatier/Electrolysis Process; 1.5.1 Introduction; 1.5.2 S/E Demonstration at LMA.
1.5.3 Reducing the Requirement for Hydrogen in the S/E Process1.6 Obtaining H2O on Mars; 1.7 Obtaining Water from the Atmosphere; 1.8 Ancillary Needs for Mars ISRU; 1.8.1 The ISRUâ#x80;#x93;MAV Connection; 1.8.2 Power System; 1.8.2.1 Power Requirements at Full Scale; 1.8.2.2 One Reactor Versus Several Smaller Ones; 1.8.2.3 Solar Versus Fission for Mars Surface Power; 2 Lunar ISRU; 2.1 Lunar Missions; 2.2 Lunar Resources; 2.2.1 Silicates in Regolith; 2.2.2 FeO in Regolith; 2.2.3 Imbedded Atoms in Regolith from Solar Wind; 2.2.4 Water Ice in Regolith Pores in Permanently Shadowed Craters Near the Poles.
2.3 Lunar ISRU Processes2.3.1 Oxygen from FeO in Regolith; 2.3.2 Oxygen Production from Silicates in Regolith; 2.3.3 Volatiles from Imbedded Atoms in Regolith from Solar Wind; 2.3.4 Water Extraction from Regolith Pores in Permanently Shadowed Craters Near the Poles; 2.4 NASA Accomplishments and Plans; 3 Value of ISRU; 3.1 Value of Mars ISRU; 3.1.1 Reductions in IMLEO from Mars ISRU; 3.1.2 Oxygen-Only ISRU Versus Water-Based ISRU?; 3.2 Value of Lunar ISRU; 3.3 Future Factors that Could Influence Mars ISRU; 3.3.1 Elon Musk Cost Reduction; 3.3.2 Nuclear Thermal Propulsion.
1.1.5 Required ISRU Production Rates for Ascent Propellants1.1.6 Life Support and Consumables; 1.1.6.1 Consumable Requirements (Without Recycling); 1.1.6.2 Use of Recycling Systems; 1.1.6.3 Life Support Summary; 1.1.7 Mars Surface Transportation; 1.2 Mars Resources; 1.2.1 The Atmosphere; 1.2.2 Near-Surface H2O; 1.3 Acquiring Compressed CO2; 1.3.1 Compressors; 1.3.1.1 Sorption Compressor; 1.3.1.2 Cryogenic Compressor; 1.3.1.3 Mechanical Compressor Approach; 1.3.2 Dust Rejection; 1.3.2.1 Introduction; 1.3.2.2 Physical Properties of Mars Dust; 1.3.2.3 Optical Properties of Mars Dust.
1.3.2.4 Optical Depth on Mars1.3.2.5 Dust Particles Per Unit Volume in Mars Atmosphere; 1.3.2.6 Potential Dust Intake; 1.3.2.7 Dust Rejection Systems; 1.4 Processes Utilizing Mainly CO2 from the Atmosphere; 1.4.1 The Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction; 1.4.2 Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOXE); 1.4.2.1 Introduction; 1.4.2.2 Background; 1.4.2.3 MOXIE; 1.4.2.4 Operating Pressure and Temperature; 1.4.2.5 Oxygen Production Rate; 1.4.2.6 Flight Model Assembly; 1.5 The Sabatier/Electrolysis Process; 1.5.1 Introduction; 1.5.2 S/E Demonstration at LMA.
1.5.3 Reducing the Requirement for Hydrogen in the S/E Process1.6 Obtaining H2O on Mars; 1.7 Obtaining Water from the Atmosphere; 1.8 Ancillary Needs for Mars ISRU; 1.8.1 The ISRUâ#x80;#x93;MAV Connection; 1.8.2 Power System; 1.8.2.1 Power Requirements at Full Scale; 1.8.2.2 One Reactor Versus Several Smaller Ones; 1.8.2.3 Solar Versus Fission for Mars Surface Power; 2 Lunar ISRU; 2.1 Lunar Missions; 2.2 Lunar Resources; 2.2.1 Silicates in Regolith; 2.2.2 FeO in Regolith; 2.2.3 Imbedded Atoms in Regolith from Solar Wind; 2.2.4 Water Ice in Regolith Pores in Permanently Shadowed Craters Near the Poles.
2.3 Lunar ISRU Processes2.3.1 Oxygen from FeO in Regolith; 2.3.2 Oxygen Production from Silicates in Regolith; 2.3.3 Volatiles from Imbedded Atoms in Regolith from Solar Wind; 2.3.4 Water Extraction from Regolith Pores in Permanently Shadowed Craters Near the Poles; 2.4 NASA Accomplishments and Plans; 3 Value of ISRU; 3.1 Value of Mars ISRU; 3.1.1 Reductions in IMLEO from Mars ISRU; 3.1.2 Oxygen-Only ISRU Versus Water-Based ISRU?; 3.2 Value of Lunar ISRU; 3.3 Future Factors that Could Influence Mars ISRU; 3.3.1 Elon Musk Cost Reduction; 3.3.2 Nuclear Thermal Propulsion.