Building theories : heuristics and hypotheses in sciences / David Danks, Emiliano Ippoliti, editors.
Danks, David, 1975- editor.; Ippoliti, Emiliano, editor.
2018
B842 .B85 2018
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Title Building theories : heuristics and hypotheses in sciences / David Danks, Emiliano Ippoliti, editors.
ISBN 9783319727875 (electronic book)
3319727877 (electronic book)
3319727869
9783319727868
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72787-5
Published Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2018]
Language English
Description 1 online resource.
Item Number 10.1007/978-3-319-72787-5 doi
Call Number B842 .B85 2018
Dewey Decimal Classification 190
Summary This book explores new findings on the long-neglected topic of theory construction and discovery, and challenges the orthodox, current division of scientific development into discrete stages: the stage of generation of new hypotheses; the stage of collection of relevant data; the stage of justification of possible theories; and the final stage of selection from among equally confirmed theories. The chapters, written by leading researchers, offer an interdisciplinary perspective on various aspects of the processes by which theories rationally should, and descriptively are, built. They address issues such as the role of problem-solving and heuristic reasoning in theory-building; how inferences and models shape the pursuit of scientific knowledge; the relation between problem-solving and scientific discovery; the relative values of the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic view of theories in understanding theory construction; and the relation between ampliative inferences, heuristic reasoning, and models as a means for building new theories and knowledge. Through detailed arguments and examinations, the volume collectively challenges the orthodox view's main tenets by characterizing the ways in which the different "stages" are logically, temporally, and psychologically intertwined. As a group, the chapters provide several attempts to answer long-standing questions about the possibility of a unified conceptual framework for building theories and formulating hypotheses.
Note This book explores new findings on the long-neglected topic of theory construction and discovery, and challenges the orthodox, current division of scientific development into discrete stages: the stage of generation of new hypotheses; the stage of collection of relevant data; the stage of justification of possible theories; and the final stage of selection from among equally confirmed theories. The chapters, written by leading researchers, offer an interdisciplinary perspective on various aspects of the processes by which theories rationally should, and descriptively are, built. They address issues such as the role of problem-solving and heuristic reasoning in theory-building; how inferences and models shape the pursuit of scientific knowledge; the relation between problem-solving and scientific discovery; the relative values of the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic view of theories in understanding theory construction; and the relation between ampliative inferences, heuristic reasoning, and models as a means for building new theories and knowledge. Through detailed arguments and examinations, the volume collectively challenges the orthodox view's main tenets by characterizing the ways in which the different "stages" are logically, temporally, and psychologically intertwined. As a group, the chapters provide several attempts to answer long-standing questions about the possibility of a unified conceptual framework for building theories and formulating hypotheses.
Access Note Access limited to authorized users.
Digital File Characteristics text file PDF
Source of Description Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on March 12, 2018).
Added Author Danks, David, 1975- editor.
Ippoliti, Emiliano, editor.
Series Studies in applied philosophy, epistemology and rational ethics ; v. 41.
Available in Other Form Print version: 9783319727868
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Intro; Preface; Contents; Understanding Theory Building; 1 Building Theories: The Heuristic Way; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Theory-Building: The Basics; 2.1 Confirming Hypotheses; 2.2 Selecting Hypotheses; 2.3 Generating New Hypotheses; 2.4 The Distinction of the Three Phases; 3 Building Theories: The Heuristic Way; 4 The Heuristic View: A Critical Evaluation; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Building Theories: Strategies Not Blueprints; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Theories
Some Philosophical Background; 3 Bottom Up
Phenomena to Theory via Modelling

4 Top Down
From Mathematics to Physics5 Top Down and Sideways: From Physics to Biology via Mathematics; 6 Conclusions
Where to Go Next; References; 3 Richer Than Reduction; Abstract; 1 Routes to Discovery; 2 Discovery via Constraints; 3 Case Studies of Constraint-Driven Discovery; 3.1 Representations of Causal Knowledge; 3.2 Concepts Based on Causal Structure; 3.3 Goals and Learning; 4 Constraints All the Way Up?; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Theory Building as Problem Solving; Abstract; 1 Big Data Revolution Versus Theory Building; 2 Theory Building and Rationality

3 The Syntactic or Hypothetico-Deductive View of Theories4 The Semantic or Model-Theoretic View of Theories; 5 The Analytic View of Theories; 6 Kepler's Theory Building; 7 Newton's Theory Building; 8 Darwin's Theory Building; 9 Bohr's Theory Building; 10 Novelty; 11 Plausibility; 12 Theory Building and Problem Solving; 13 A Critical Remark on an Alternative Problem Solving Approach; 14 The Big Data Revolution Revisited; 15 The Purpose of Theory Building; Acknowledgements; References; Theory Building in Action; 5 Discovering Cures in Medicine; Abstract

1 The Distinction Between Discovery and Justification2 Example of Einstein's Discovery of Special Relativity; 3 Application of This Approach to the Discovery of Cures; 4 Case History (I) Statins; 5 Case History (II) Thalidomide; 6 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 6 The Product Guides the Process: Discovering Disease Mechanisms; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Mechanistic Philosophy of Science; 3 Disease Mechanisms; 4 Diagrammatic Representations for Genetic Disease Mechanisms; 5 Web-Based Graphical Interface for Chain Building; 6 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References

7 "Take the Case of a Geometer..."; Mathematical Analogies and Building Theories in AristotleAbstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Aristotle's Physics Versus Mathematical Physics; 2.1 Mathematical Physics; 2.2 Aristotle's Physics; 2.3 The Ontological Gap; 3 Aristotle's Mathematics: A Reference Structure; 4 Theory of Knowledge and Problem Solving; 4.1 The Two-step Process of Knowing; 4.2 The Many-step Process of Problem Solving; 4.2.1 To Know 2R; 4.2.2 To Use 2R (in Order to Know SC); 4.2.3 The Solving Idea; 4.2.4 Conclusions; 5 Mathematical Analogies and Building Science

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