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Intro; Foreword; Preface; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Termites: An Overview; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Biology and Behavior; 1.3 Systematics, Distribution, and Diversity; 1.4 Invasive Termites; 1.5 Termite-Gut Microbiota; 1.6 Feeding Groups; 1.7 Biotic and Abiotic Factors; 1.8 Economic Importance; 1.9 Prevention and Control; 1.10 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Termites Identification; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Termite Classifications; 2.2.1 Kalotermitidae; 2.2.2 Rhinotermitidae; 2.2.3 Termitidae; 2.3 Group of Termites; 2.3.1 Lower and Higher Termites; 2.3.2 Feeding Group
2.3.3 Nesting Group2.4 Identification of Termite Caste; 2.4.1 Reproductive; 2.4.2 Worker; 2.4.3 Soldier; 2.5 Important Asian Termite Pest Species; 2.5.1 Coptotermes; 2.5.2 Macrotermes; 2.5.3 Schedorhinotermes; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Ecology of Termites; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Termite Types; 3.3 Ecology and Behavior; 3.3.1 Food and Nutrition; 3.3.2 Movement and Food Searching; 3.4 Habitation and Nesting; 3.5 Defense; 3.6 Competition; 3.7 Communication; 3.8 Relationship with Other Organisms; 3.9 Natural Enemies; 3.9.1 Predators; 3.9.2 Insect and Microbial Parasites
3.10 Human Association3.10.1 As Pests; 3.10.2 As Food; 3.10.3 In Agriculture; 3.11 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Termite Gut Microbiome; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Termite Gut; 4.3 Termite Gut Microbiome; 4.3.1 Bacteria; 4.3.2 Protozoa; 4.3.3 Fungi; 4.4 Physiological Roles of the Microorganisms; 4.4.1 Nitrogen Fixation; 4.4.2 Acetogenesis; 4.4.3 Lignin Degradation; 4.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Lignocellulose Degradation by Termites; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Cellulolytic Enzymes; 5.2.1 Lignocellulose Structure; 5.2.2 Main Lignocellulose-Degrading Enzymes; 5.2.2.1 Cellulases
5.2.2.2 Hemicellulases5.2.2.3 Ligninases; 5.3 The Cellulolytic Systems of Termites; 5.3.1 Lower Termites; 5.3.2 Higher Termites; 5.4 Omics Approaches Applied to the Discovery of Novel Cellulolytic Enzymes; 5.5 Potential Industrial Applications and Future Perspectives; 5.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 6: Termite Biology and Social Behaviour; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Life Cycle; 6.3 Different Castes of Termites; 6.3.1 Workers; 6.3.2 Pseudergates; 6.3.3 Soldiers; 6.3.4 Reproductives; 6.4 Types of Termites; 6.4.1 Drywood Termites; 6.4.2 Dampwood Termites; 6.4.3 Subterranean Termites
6.5 Food and Feeding Habits6.6 Mating and Reproduction; 6.6.1 Termite Queen; 6.6.2 Nuptial Flight and Sexual Act; 6.6.3 Inbreeding Depression; 6.6.4 Parthenogenesis; 6.7 Factors Affecting Termite Biology; 6.7.1 Temperature; 6.7.2 Moisture; 6.8 Conclusion; References; Chapter 7: Trail Pheromones in Termites; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Glandular Source of Trail Pheromone: The Sternal Gland; 7.3 Chemistry of Trail Pheromones in Termites; 7.3.1 Composition; 7.3.2 Activity Threshold of Trail Pheromones; 7.4 Responses of Workers and Soldiers to Trail Pheromone Signals
2.3.3 Nesting Group2.4 Identification of Termite Caste; 2.4.1 Reproductive; 2.4.2 Worker; 2.4.3 Soldier; 2.5 Important Asian Termite Pest Species; 2.5.1 Coptotermes; 2.5.2 Macrotermes; 2.5.3 Schedorhinotermes; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Ecology of Termites; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Termite Types; 3.3 Ecology and Behavior; 3.3.1 Food and Nutrition; 3.3.2 Movement and Food Searching; 3.4 Habitation and Nesting; 3.5 Defense; 3.6 Competition; 3.7 Communication; 3.8 Relationship with Other Organisms; 3.9 Natural Enemies; 3.9.1 Predators; 3.9.2 Insect and Microbial Parasites
3.10 Human Association3.10.1 As Pests; 3.10.2 As Food; 3.10.3 In Agriculture; 3.11 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Termite Gut Microbiome; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Termite Gut; 4.3 Termite Gut Microbiome; 4.3.1 Bacteria; 4.3.2 Protozoa; 4.3.3 Fungi; 4.4 Physiological Roles of the Microorganisms; 4.4.1 Nitrogen Fixation; 4.4.2 Acetogenesis; 4.4.3 Lignin Degradation; 4.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Lignocellulose Degradation by Termites; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Cellulolytic Enzymes; 5.2.1 Lignocellulose Structure; 5.2.2 Main Lignocellulose-Degrading Enzymes; 5.2.2.1 Cellulases
5.2.2.2 Hemicellulases5.2.2.3 Ligninases; 5.3 The Cellulolytic Systems of Termites; 5.3.1 Lower Termites; 5.3.2 Higher Termites; 5.4 Omics Approaches Applied to the Discovery of Novel Cellulolytic Enzymes; 5.5 Potential Industrial Applications and Future Perspectives; 5.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 6: Termite Biology and Social Behaviour; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Life Cycle; 6.3 Different Castes of Termites; 6.3.1 Workers; 6.3.2 Pseudergates; 6.3.3 Soldiers; 6.3.4 Reproductives; 6.4 Types of Termites; 6.4.1 Drywood Termites; 6.4.2 Dampwood Termites; 6.4.3 Subterranean Termites
6.5 Food and Feeding Habits6.6 Mating and Reproduction; 6.6.1 Termite Queen; 6.6.2 Nuptial Flight and Sexual Act; 6.6.3 Inbreeding Depression; 6.6.4 Parthenogenesis; 6.7 Factors Affecting Termite Biology; 6.7.1 Temperature; 6.7.2 Moisture; 6.8 Conclusion; References; Chapter 7: Trail Pheromones in Termites; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Glandular Source of Trail Pheromone: The Sternal Gland; 7.3 Chemistry of Trail Pheromones in Termites; 7.3.1 Composition; 7.3.2 Activity Threshold of Trail Pheromones; 7.4 Responses of Workers and Soldiers to Trail Pheromone Signals