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Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; 1: Mycobacteria; 1.1 Habitat and Diffusion; 1.2 Cellular Structure; 1.3 Antigenic Structure; 1.4 Sensitivity to Antibiotics; 1.5 Nontubercular Bacteria; 1.6 Classification; 1.7 Complexes; 1.8 Microscopic Examination; 1.9 Culture Media; 1.10 Biological Testing; 1.11 Identification; 1.12 Rapid Methods; References; 2: Cutaneous Tuberculosis; 2.1 History; 2.2 Epidemiology; 2.2.1 Impact of the HIV Epidemic; 2.2.2 Impact of Drug and Multidrug Resistance; 2.2.3 Impact of Solid Organ Transplantation; 2.3 Risk Factors.
2.3.1 Immunosuppressive Drugs and Corticosteroids2.3.2 Age and Sex; 2.3.3 Contact Tracing; 2.3.4 Occupational Tuberculosis; 2.3.5 Tuberculosis and Air Travel; 2.3.6 Genetic Factors; 2.3.7 Other Factors; 2.4 Etiology; 2.4.1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex; 2.4.1.1 Mycobacterium africanum; 2.4.1.2 Mycobacterium caprae; 2.4.1.3 Mycobacterium microti; 2.4.1.4 Mycobacterium pinnipedii; 2.4.1.5 Mycobacterium canettii; 2.5 Transmission; 2.6 Pathophysiology; 2.6.1 Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis; 2.6.2 Stages of Pulmonary Tuberculosis; 2.6.3 Susceptibility to Tuberculosis.
2.6.4 Primary and Post-Primary Tuberculosis2.7 Immunology; 2.7.1 Cell-Mediated Immunity; 2.7.2 Innate Immune Response; 2.8 Laboratory Diagnosis; 2.8.1 Bacteriological Identification; 2.8.1.1 Specimen Collection; 2.8.1.2 Culture; Solid Media; Broth Media; 2.8.1.3 Staining Procedure; 2.8.2 Radiological Imaging; 2.8.3 Hematological Examination; 2.8.4 Molecular Methods; 2.8.5 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2.8.6 The Tuberculin Skin Test; 2.8.6.1 Mantoux Test; 2.8.7 Interferon-Gamma Assays; 2.9 Histopathology; 2.10 Cutaneous Tuberculosis; 2.10.1 Epidemiology.
2.10.2 Historical Aspects2.10.3 Classification; 2.10.4 Primary Inoculation Tuberculosis; 2.10.5 Tuberculosis Verrucosa; 2.10.6 Scrofuloderma; 2.10.7 Orificial Ulcerative Tuberculosis; 2.10.8 Miliary Tuberculosis; 2.10.9 Lupus Vulgaris; 2.10.9.1 Pathogenesis; 2.10.9.2 Histopathology; 2.10.9.3 Clinical Features; 2.10.9.4 Clinical Forms; 2.10.9.5 Mucosal Involvement; 2.10.9.6 Prognosis and Complications; 2.10.9.7 Diagnosis; 2.10.10 Tuberculous Gumma; 2.10.11 Unusual Forms of Cutaneous Tuberculosis; 2.10.12 Tuberculids; 2.10.12.1 Lichen Scrofulosorum; 2.10.12.2 Papulonecrotic Tuberculid.
2.10.12.3 Nodular TuberculidsErythema Induratum of Bazin; Nodular Tuberculid; Erythema Nodosum; 2.10.12.4 Other Possible Tuberculids; 2.11 Tuberculosis of the Oral Cavity; 2.12 Cutaneous Tuberculosis in Pediatric Age; 2.12.1 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Induced Skin Lesions; 2.13 Diagnosis and Prognosis; 2.14 Management; 2.14.1 General Measures and Principles of Chemotherapy; 2.14.2 Drugs; 2.14.2.1 Isoniazid; 2.14.2.2 Rifampicin; 2.14.2.3 Pyrazinamide; 2.14.2.4 Ethambutol; 2.14.2.5 Streptomycin; 2.14.3 Alternative Drugs in First-Line Regimens; 2.14.4 Second-Line Drugs.
2.3.1 Immunosuppressive Drugs and Corticosteroids2.3.2 Age and Sex; 2.3.3 Contact Tracing; 2.3.4 Occupational Tuberculosis; 2.3.5 Tuberculosis and Air Travel; 2.3.6 Genetic Factors; 2.3.7 Other Factors; 2.4 Etiology; 2.4.1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex; 2.4.1.1 Mycobacterium africanum; 2.4.1.2 Mycobacterium caprae; 2.4.1.3 Mycobacterium microti; 2.4.1.4 Mycobacterium pinnipedii; 2.4.1.5 Mycobacterium canettii; 2.5 Transmission; 2.6 Pathophysiology; 2.6.1 Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis; 2.6.2 Stages of Pulmonary Tuberculosis; 2.6.3 Susceptibility to Tuberculosis.
2.6.4 Primary and Post-Primary Tuberculosis2.7 Immunology; 2.7.1 Cell-Mediated Immunity; 2.7.2 Innate Immune Response; 2.8 Laboratory Diagnosis; 2.8.1 Bacteriological Identification; 2.8.1.1 Specimen Collection; 2.8.1.2 Culture; Solid Media; Broth Media; 2.8.1.3 Staining Procedure; 2.8.2 Radiological Imaging; 2.8.3 Hematological Examination; 2.8.4 Molecular Methods; 2.8.5 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2.8.6 The Tuberculin Skin Test; 2.8.6.1 Mantoux Test; 2.8.7 Interferon-Gamma Assays; 2.9 Histopathology; 2.10 Cutaneous Tuberculosis; 2.10.1 Epidemiology.
2.10.2 Historical Aspects2.10.3 Classification; 2.10.4 Primary Inoculation Tuberculosis; 2.10.5 Tuberculosis Verrucosa; 2.10.6 Scrofuloderma; 2.10.7 Orificial Ulcerative Tuberculosis; 2.10.8 Miliary Tuberculosis; 2.10.9 Lupus Vulgaris; 2.10.9.1 Pathogenesis; 2.10.9.2 Histopathology; 2.10.9.3 Clinical Features; 2.10.9.4 Clinical Forms; 2.10.9.5 Mucosal Involvement; 2.10.9.6 Prognosis and Complications; 2.10.9.7 Diagnosis; 2.10.10 Tuberculous Gumma; 2.10.11 Unusual Forms of Cutaneous Tuberculosis; 2.10.12 Tuberculids; 2.10.12.1 Lichen Scrofulosorum; 2.10.12.2 Papulonecrotic Tuberculid.
2.10.12.3 Nodular TuberculidsErythema Induratum of Bazin; Nodular Tuberculid; Erythema Nodosum; 2.10.12.4 Other Possible Tuberculids; 2.11 Tuberculosis of the Oral Cavity; 2.12 Cutaneous Tuberculosis in Pediatric Age; 2.12.1 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Induced Skin Lesions; 2.13 Diagnosis and Prognosis; 2.14 Management; 2.14.1 General Measures and Principles of Chemotherapy; 2.14.2 Drugs; 2.14.2.1 Isoniazid; 2.14.2.2 Rifampicin; 2.14.2.3 Pyrazinamide; 2.14.2.4 Ethambutol; 2.14.2.5 Streptomycin; 2.14.3 Alternative Drugs in First-Line Regimens; 2.14.4 Second-Line Drugs.