Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
Intro; Contents; Part I: Anatomy; 1: The Clinical Anatomy of the Aortic Root; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Naming the Components of the Root; 1.3 Attitudinal Anatomy of the Root; 1.4 Location of the Aortic Root Within the Heart; 1.5 Surgical Anatomy of the Aortic Root; References; 2: Aortic Root Anatomy and Physiology; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Anatomical Definition; 2.3 Aortic Annulus (Ventriculo-Aortic Junction, Interleaflets Triangles, Crown-like Leaflets Attachment and Sino-Ưtubular Junction); 2.4 The Sino-tubular Junction; 2.5 The Ventriculo Aortic Junction and the Virtual Basal Ring.
2.6 Aortic Leaflets, Commissures and Interleaflets Triangles2.7 The Sinuses of Valsalva; 2.8 The Aortic Root; 2.9 Physiology from a Surgical Point of View; References; 3: Functional Anatomy and Dynamics of the Aortic Root; 3.1 Anatomy; 3.1.1 Annulus; 3.1.2 Leaflets; 3.1.3 Commissures and Inter-Leaflet Triangles; 3.1.4 Sinuses of Valsalva and the Sino-Tubular Junction; 3.2 Functional Anatomy; References; Part II: Imaging; 4: Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Aortic Stenosis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Potential Problems Related to AS Severity Assessment by Echocardiography.
4.3 Grading AS-Step by Step Approach4.3.1 Imaging Work-Up; 4.3.2 2D Transthoracic Echocardiography, Step-by-Step Approach; 4.3.3 2D Transoesophageal Echocardiography; 4.3.4 3D Echocardiography; 4.3.5 Stress Echocardiography; 4.3.6 MDCT; 4.3.7 CMR; 4.3.8 PET/CT; 4.4 Follow-Up and Risk Stratification; 4.4.1 Role of Resting Echocardiography in Risk Stratification; 4.4.2 Role of Stress Echocardiography in Risk Stratification; 4.4.3 MDCT in Risk Stratification; 4.4.4 CMR in Risk Stratification; 4.4.5 PET/CT in Risk Stratification; References.
5: Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Normal Anatomy of Aortic Valve Complex; 5.3 Aetiology of Aortic Regurgitation; 5.4 Functional Classification of Aortic Regurgitation; 5.5 Quantification of Aortic Regurgitation Severity; 5.6 Multi-Modality Imaging; 5.6.1 3D Echocardiography; 5.6.2 Stress Echocardiography; 5.6.3 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance; 5.6.4 Computed Tomography (CT); 5.6.5 Cardiac Catheterization; References; 6: Stress Echocardiography in Aortic Valve Disease; 6.1 Exercise Stress Echocardiography: Definition and Practical Use.
6.2 Clinical and Prognostic Value of Exercise Stress Echocardiography6.2.1 In Patients with AR; 6.2.2 In Patients with AS; 6.2.2.1 Exercise-Induced Changes in Mean Pressure Gradient; 6.2.2.2 LV Contractile Reserve; 6.2.2.3 Exercise-Induced Changes in Systolic Pulmonary Arterial Pressure; 6.3 Clinical Implications; 6.4 Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography; 6.5 Decision-Making Following Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in LFLG Severe AS; References; 7: Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Prosthetic Aortic Valve; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Different Types of Prosthetic Valves.
2.6 Aortic Leaflets, Commissures and Interleaflets Triangles2.7 The Sinuses of Valsalva; 2.8 The Aortic Root; 2.9 Physiology from a Surgical Point of View; References; 3: Functional Anatomy and Dynamics of the Aortic Root; 3.1 Anatomy; 3.1.1 Annulus; 3.1.2 Leaflets; 3.1.3 Commissures and Inter-Leaflet Triangles; 3.1.4 Sinuses of Valsalva and the Sino-Tubular Junction; 3.2 Functional Anatomy; References; Part II: Imaging; 4: Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Aortic Stenosis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Potential Problems Related to AS Severity Assessment by Echocardiography.
4.3 Grading AS-Step by Step Approach4.3.1 Imaging Work-Up; 4.3.2 2D Transthoracic Echocardiography, Step-by-Step Approach; 4.3.3 2D Transoesophageal Echocardiography; 4.3.4 3D Echocardiography; 4.3.5 Stress Echocardiography; 4.3.6 MDCT; 4.3.7 CMR; 4.3.8 PET/CT; 4.4 Follow-Up and Risk Stratification; 4.4.1 Role of Resting Echocardiography in Risk Stratification; 4.4.2 Role of Stress Echocardiography in Risk Stratification; 4.4.3 MDCT in Risk Stratification; 4.4.4 CMR in Risk Stratification; 4.4.5 PET/CT in Risk Stratification; References.
5: Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Normal Anatomy of Aortic Valve Complex; 5.3 Aetiology of Aortic Regurgitation; 5.4 Functional Classification of Aortic Regurgitation; 5.5 Quantification of Aortic Regurgitation Severity; 5.6 Multi-Modality Imaging; 5.6.1 3D Echocardiography; 5.6.2 Stress Echocardiography; 5.6.3 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance; 5.6.4 Computed Tomography (CT); 5.6.5 Cardiac Catheterization; References; 6: Stress Echocardiography in Aortic Valve Disease; 6.1 Exercise Stress Echocardiography: Definition and Practical Use.
6.2 Clinical and Prognostic Value of Exercise Stress Echocardiography6.2.1 In Patients with AR; 6.2.2 In Patients with AS; 6.2.2.1 Exercise-Induced Changes in Mean Pressure Gradient; 6.2.2.2 LV Contractile Reserve; 6.2.2.3 Exercise-Induced Changes in Systolic Pulmonary Arterial Pressure; 6.3 Clinical Implications; 6.4 Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography; 6.5 Decision-Making Following Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in LFLG Severe AS; References; 7: Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Prosthetic Aortic Valve; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Different Types of Prosthetic Valves.