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Intro; Preface by Umut Akgun; Preface by Mustafa Karahan; Preface by Pietro S. Randelli; Preface by João Espregueira-Mendes; Contents; Part I: Basic Sciences; 1: Terminology; 1.1 History; 1.2 Components of a Knot (Fig. 1.1); 1.3 Properties of Knots; 1.3.1 Strength; 1.3.2 Security; 1.3.3 Knot Handling; 1.3.4 Material; 1.4 General Principles of Knot Tying; 1.5 Types of Knots; 1.5.1 Static Knots; 1.5.2 Slip Knots; 1.5.3 Stoppers; 1.5.4 Bends; References; 2: Biological Properties of Suture Materials; 2.1 Nonabsorbable Sutures; 2.2 Absorbable Sutures.
2.2.1 Older Materials (Chromic, Gut)2.2.2 Newer Materials; 2.2.3 Partially Absorbable Suture; 2.3 Biologic Augmentations for Sutures; 2.4 Clinical Performance of Absorbable Sutures; References; 3: Mechanical Properties of Suture Materials; 3.1 The History of Suture; 3.2 Different Mechanical Properties; 3.3 The US Pharmacopeia Standard; 3.4 Standards Change; 3.5 The Mechanical Properties of Sutures; 3.5.1 Tensile Strength; 3.5.2 Knot-Pull Tensile Strength; 3.5.3 Stiffness; 3.5.4 Flexibility; 3.5.5 Knot and Loop Security; 3.5.6 Suture Slippage; 3.5.7 Damaged Sutures.
3.5.8 Material Abrasion3.5.9 Suture Memory; 3.5.10 Anchors or Bone Tunnels?; 3.5.11 Alternative "Suture Materials"; References; 4: Biomechanics in Knot Tying; 4.1 Loop Security, Loop Elongation, and Loop Circumference; 4.2 Knot Security; 4.3 Elongation; 4.4 Friction; 4.5 Strength; 4.6 Stiffness; 4.7 Elasticity and Viscoelasticity; 4.8 Abrasion Resistance; 4.9 Static Creep and Dynamic Creep; 4.10 Load to failure and Mode of Failure; 4.11 Cyclic Loading; 4.12 Yield Load; References; 5: Failure Modes of Knots and Sutures; 5.1 Suture Breakage; 5.2 Knot Loosening or Slippage.
5.2.1 Technical Errors5.2.2 Knot Characteristics; 5.3 Knot Breakage or Unraveling; 5.3.1 Knot Breakage Usually Occurs Due to Technical Errors; 5.4 Tissue Breakage; 5.4.1 Tension on the Repair Zone; 5.4.2 Improper Selection of Sutures; 5.4.3 Tying Technique; 5.4.4 Suture Configuration; References; Part II: Open Knot Tying; 6: Square Knot; 6.1 Square Knot Tying by the Hands; 6.1.1 Left-Handed Square Knot Tying (Figs. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, and 6.11).
6.1.2 Right-Handed Square Knot Tying (Figs. 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 6.20, 6.21, and 6.22)6.2 Tips and Tricks to Maintain Security in a Square Knot; 6.3 Square Knot Tying by an Instrument; 7: Surgeon's Knot; 7.1 Step-By-Step Demonstration of Surgeon's Knot by Using Left and Right Hands; 7.1.1 Two-Handed Technique; 7.1.2 One-Handed Technique, Left Hand; 7.1.3 One-Handed Technique, Right Hand; 7.2 Step-By-Step Demonstration of Surgeon's Knot by Using a Needle Holder (Left and Right Hands); 7.3 Tips to Maintain Loop Security While Preparing Surgeon's Knot.
2.2.1 Older Materials (Chromic, Gut)2.2.2 Newer Materials; 2.2.3 Partially Absorbable Suture; 2.3 Biologic Augmentations for Sutures; 2.4 Clinical Performance of Absorbable Sutures; References; 3: Mechanical Properties of Suture Materials; 3.1 The History of Suture; 3.2 Different Mechanical Properties; 3.3 The US Pharmacopeia Standard; 3.4 Standards Change; 3.5 The Mechanical Properties of Sutures; 3.5.1 Tensile Strength; 3.5.2 Knot-Pull Tensile Strength; 3.5.3 Stiffness; 3.5.4 Flexibility; 3.5.5 Knot and Loop Security; 3.5.6 Suture Slippage; 3.5.7 Damaged Sutures.
3.5.8 Material Abrasion3.5.9 Suture Memory; 3.5.10 Anchors or Bone Tunnels?; 3.5.11 Alternative "Suture Materials"; References; 4: Biomechanics in Knot Tying; 4.1 Loop Security, Loop Elongation, and Loop Circumference; 4.2 Knot Security; 4.3 Elongation; 4.4 Friction; 4.5 Strength; 4.6 Stiffness; 4.7 Elasticity and Viscoelasticity; 4.8 Abrasion Resistance; 4.9 Static Creep and Dynamic Creep; 4.10 Load to failure and Mode of Failure; 4.11 Cyclic Loading; 4.12 Yield Load; References; 5: Failure Modes of Knots and Sutures; 5.1 Suture Breakage; 5.2 Knot Loosening or Slippage.
5.2.1 Technical Errors5.2.2 Knot Characteristics; 5.3 Knot Breakage or Unraveling; 5.3.1 Knot Breakage Usually Occurs Due to Technical Errors; 5.4 Tissue Breakage; 5.4.1 Tension on the Repair Zone; 5.4.2 Improper Selection of Sutures; 5.4.3 Tying Technique; 5.4.4 Suture Configuration; References; Part II: Open Knot Tying; 6: Square Knot; 6.1 Square Knot Tying by the Hands; 6.1.1 Left-Handed Square Knot Tying (Figs. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, and 6.11).
6.1.2 Right-Handed Square Knot Tying (Figs. 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 6.20, 6.21, and 6.22)6.2 Tips and Tricks to Maintain Security in a Square Knot; 6.3 Square Knot Tying by an Instrument; 7: Surgeon's Knot; 7.1 Step-By-Step Demonstration of Surgeon's Knot by Using Left and Right Hands; 7.1.1 Two-Handed Technique; 7.1.2 One-Handed Technique, Left Hand; 7.1.3 One-Handed Technique, Right Hand; 7.2 Step-By-Step Demonstration of Surgeon's Knot by Using a Needle Holder (Left and Right Hands); 7.3 Tips to Maintain Loop Security While Preparing Surgeon's Knot.