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Table of Contents
Intro; Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Parts of this thesis have been published in the following articles:; Acknowledgements; Contents; Acronyms and Notations; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1 Introduction; References; 2 Scalable Image and Video Compression; 2.1 JPEG2000: Scalability, Accessibility, and Intrinsic Upsampling; 2.1.1 Subband Transform for Resolution Scalability; 2.1.2 Deadzone Scalar Quantization; 2.1.3 Embedded Coding for Distortion Scalability; 2.2 Hybrid Video Compression; 2.2.1 Motion-Compensated Prediction; 2.3 Scalable Video Compression.
2.3.1 Scalability in Hybrid Coding Schemes2.3.2 Wavelet-Based Highly Scalable Video Compression; 2.3.3 Scalable Coding of Motion and Motion Discontinuities; 2.4 Summary; References; 3 Temporal Frame Interpolation (TFI); 3.1 True Motion Estimation; 3.1.1 Block Matching Algorithms; 3.1.2 Optical Flow; 3.2 State-of-the-Art in TFI; 3.2.1 TFI Schemes with Target-Based Motion Anchoring; 3.2.2 TFI Schemes with Reference-Based Motion Anchoring; 3.2.3 Occlusion Handling; 3.2.4 Observations and Recommendations; 3.3 Summary; References; 4 Motion-Discontinuity-Aided Motion Field Operations.
4.1 Warping of Motion Discontinuities4.2 Motion Field Inversion; 4.2.1 Cellular Affine Warping of Motion; 4.2.2 Resolving of Double Mappings; 4.2.3 Unidirectional Temporal Frame Interpolation; 4.3 Reverse Inference of Motion Fields; 4.3.1 Discontinuity-Guided Background Motion Extrapolation in Disoccluding Triangles; 4.4 Bidirectional, Occlusion-Aware TFI (BOA-TFI); 4.4.1 Method Overview; 4.4.2 Evaluation on Synthetic Sequences; 4.4.3 Evaluation on Natural Sequences; 4.5 Summary; References; 5 Bidirectional Hierarchical Anchoring (BIHA) of Motion.
5.1 BIHA of Motion Fields for Highly Scalable Video Compression5.1.1 A Hierarchy of Scaled and Inferred Motion Fields; 5.1.2 Potential for Motion Inference in the Traditional Anchoring Scheme; 5.1.3 Differential Coding of Motion Fields; 5.1.4 Geometrical Consistency with Quantized Motion Fields; 5.1.5 A Few Notes on Complexity; 5.2 Motion-Compensated Temporal Filtering; 5.2.1 Prediction Step; 5.2.2 Update Step; 5.3 Scalable Rate Allocation; 5.3.1 Motion Error; 5.3.2 Rate Allocation with Breakpoint and Texture Errors; 5.4 Hierarchical, Spatio-Temporal Induction of Discontinuity Information.
5.4.1 Evaluation of HST-BPI5.5 Rate-Distortion Results; 5.5.1 Experimental Setup; 5.5.2 R-D Comparisons with Traditional Anchoring Scheme; 5.5.3 Importance of Motion Discontinuities; 5.5.4 R-D Comparisons with SHVC; 5.6 Potential for Improvements; 5.7 Summary; References; 6 Forward-Only Hierarchical Anchoring (FOHA) of Motion; 6.1 Disocclusion and Folding Likelihood Map (DFLM); 6.2 Forward-Only Anchoring of Motion; 6.2.1 FOA-TFI Overview; 6.2.2 Forward Inference of Motion; 6.2.3 Resolving Double Mappings Using DFLM; 6.2.4 Handling of Forward and Reverse Disocclusions.
2.3.1 Scalability in Hybrid Coding Schemes2.3.2 Wavelet-Based Highly Scalable Video Compression; 2.3.3 Scalable Coding of Motion and Motion Discontinuities; 2.4 Summary; References; 3 Temporal Frame Interpolation (TFI); 3.1 True Motion Estimation; 3.1.1 Block Matching Algorithms; 3.1.2 Optical Flow; 3.2 State-of-the-Art in TFI; 3.2.1 TFI Schemes with Target-Based Motion Anchoring; 3.2.2 TFI Schemes with Reference-Based Motion Anchoring; 3.2.3 Occlusion Handling; 3.2.4 Observations and Recommendations; 3.3 Summary; References; 4 Motion-Discontinuity-Aided Motion Field Operations.
4.1 Warping of Motion Discontinuities4.2 Motion Field Inversion; 4.2.1 Cellular Affine Warping of Motion; 4.2.2 Resolving of Double Mappings; 4.2.3 Unidirectional Temporal Frame Interpolation; 4.3 Reverse Inference of Motion Fields; 4.3.1 Discontinuity-Guided Background Motion Extrapolation in Disoccluding Triangles; 4.4 Bidirectional, Occlusion-Aware TFI (BOA-TFI); 4.4.1 Method Overview; 4.4.2 Evaluation on Synthetic Sequences; 4.4.3 Evaluation on Natural Sequences; 4.5 Summary; References; 5 Bidirectional Hierarchical Anchoring (BIHA) of Motion.
5.1 BIHA of Motion Fields for Highly Scalable Video Compression5.1.1 A Hierarchy of Scaled and Inferred Motion Fields; 5.1.2 Potential for Motion Inference in the Traditional Anchoring Scheme; 5.1.3 Differential Coding of Motion Fields; 5.1.4 Geometrical Consistency with Quantized Motion Fields; 5.1.5 A Few Notes on Complexity; 5.2 Motion-Compensated Temporal Filtering; 5.2.1 Prediction Step; 5.2.2 Update Step; 5.3 Scalable Rate Allocation; 5.3.1 Motion Error; 5.3.2 Rate Allocation with Breakpoint and Texture Errors; 5.4 Hierarchical, Spatio-Temporal Induction of Discontinuity Information.
5.4.1 Evaluation of HST-BPI5.5 Rate-Distortion Results; 5.5.1 Experimental Setup; 5.5.2 R-D Comparisons with Traditional Anchoring Scheme; 5.5.3 Importance of Motion Discontinuities; 5.5.4 R-D Comparisons with SHVC; 5.6 Potential for Improvements; 5.7 Summary; References; 6 Forward-Only Hierarchical Anchoring (FOHA) of Motion; 6.1 Disocclusion and Folding Likelihood Map (DFLM); 6.2 Forward-Only Anchoring of Motion; 6.2.1 FOA-TFI Overview; 6.2.2 Forward Inference of Motion; 6.2.3 Resolving Double Mappings Using DFLM; 6.2.4 Handling of Forward and Reverse Disocclusions.