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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; Signs, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes; References; Abbreviations used for the Books of the Complete Works of the Two Masters Ch'eng; Signs and Certain Other Abbreviations; Texts Used; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The Man and the School; 1.1.1 Chinese Philosophy in the Early Sung Period; 1.1.2 Pioneers of Neo-confucianism; 1.1.3 Ch'eng I and His Brother Ch'eng Hao; 1.1.4 Philosophical Differences of the Two Brothers and the Question of Methodology; 1.1.5 Methods of Research; 1.1.6 Ch'eng I (1033-1107 A.D.); 1.1.6.1 His Parents; 1.1.6.2 His Character: A Sketch
1.1.6.3 His Career1.1.6.4 His Writings; 1.1.6.5 Why Ch'eng I Is Little Known in the West; 1.2 Critical Evaluation of the Source Material; 1.2.1 Erh Ch'eng I Shu, or Collection of Sayings of the Two Masters Ch'eng; 1.2.2 Erh Ch'eng Wai Shu or Secondary Collection of Sayings of the Two Masters Ch'eng; 1.2.3 Erh Ch'eng Wen Chi or Collected Writings of the Two Masters Ch'eng; 1.2.4 I Chuan, or Commentary on the Book of Changes; 1.2.5 Ch'eng Shih Ching Shuo, or Scriptural Expositions of the Master Ch'eng; 1.2.5.1 Authentic Writings
1.2.5.2 Collections of Oral Teachings: These Probably Belong to the Class that Ch'eng I Referred to as to Be Compiled by His Disciples from Notes of His Lectures1.2.5.3 Unauthentic Works; 1.2.6 Erh Ch'eng Sui Yen or Choice Sayings of the Two Masters Ch'eng; 2 Some Basic Categories of Ch'eng I's Thought: Heaven-Tao-Li; 2.1 Heaven; 2.2 The Tao; 2.3 Li; 2.3.1 The Characteristics of Li; 2.3.1.1 Li Is Independent of Time and Space; 2.3.1.2 Li Is Independent of Human Reason; 2.3.1.3 Li Is One and Universal; 2.3.1.4 Li Is Unchangeable; 2.3.1.5 Li Is Order; 2.3.2 Li in Its Relations
2.3.2.1 Li and Heaven2.3.2.2 Li in Its Relation to Man; 2.3.2.3 Li in Its Relation to Human Artefacts; 2.3.2.4 Li in Its Relation to Symbols and Numbers; 2.3.3 The Investigation of Li; 2.3.3.1 The Nature and Purpose of the Investigation of Li; 2.3.3.2 The Method of Investigation; 3 His Idea of Nature; 3.1 Yin and Yang; 3.2 The Idea of Complementary Pairs; 3.3 The Concept of Ch'i or Energy; 3.3.1 But What Is Ch'i?; 3.3.2 The Generation of Living Creatures by the Transmutation of Energy; 3.3.3 The Fire Elements Are Mentioned Without Much Explanation; 3.3.4 Li and Ch'i; 3.4 Spiritual Beings
3.5 Nature and Human Conduct4 His Idea of History; 4.1 A Cyclical View of History; 4.1.1 A Cyclical History in a Cyclical Cosmos; 4.1.2 A Universe Which Is Running Down; 4.2 The Law of Cause and Effect in History; 4.2.1 Cause and Effect Operate as a Law and Not by the Direct Activity of a Personal God; 4.2.2 Man's Ability to Control the Operation of the Law; 4.3 The Mysterious Phase of History: Fate; 4.3.1 The Uninterpretable in History; 4.3.2 Fate Is Ch'i; 4.3.3 Man's Right Attitude Towards Fate; 5 His Idea of Man; 5.1 The Place of Man in the Universe; 5.2 The Nature of Man
1.1.6.3 His Career1.1.6.4 His Writings; 1.1.6.5 Why Ch'eng I Is Little Known in the West; 1.2 Critical Evaluation of the Source Material; 1.2.1 Erh Ch'eng I Shu, or Collection of Sayings of the Two Masters Ch'eng; 1.2.2 Erh Ch'eng Wai Shu or Secondary Collection of Sayings of the Two Masters Ch'eng; 1.2.3 Erh Ch'eng Wen Chi or Collected Writings of the Two Masters Ch'eng; 1.2.4 I Chuan, or Commentary on the Book of Changes; 1.2.5 Ch'eng Shih Ching Shuo, or Scriptural Expositions of the Master Ch'eng; 1.2.5.1 Authentic Writings
1.2.5.2 Collections of Oral Teachings: These Probably Belong to the Class that Ch'eng I Referred to as to Be Compiled by His Disciples from Notes of His Lectures1.2.5.3 Unauthentic Works; 1.2.6 Erh Ch'eng Sui Yen or Choice Sayings of the Two Masters Ch'eng; 2 Some Basic Categories of Ch'eng I's Thought: Heaven-Tao-Li; 2.1 Heaven; 2.2 The Tao; 2.3 Li; 2.3.1 The Characteristics of Li; 2.3.1.1 Li Is Independent of Time and Space; 2.3.1.2 Li Is Independent of Human Reason; 2.3.1.3 Li Is One and Universal; 2.3.1.4 Li Is Unchangeable; 2.3.1.5 Li Is Order; 2.3.2 Li in Its Relations
2.3.2.1 Li and Heaven2.3.2.2 Li in Its Relation to Man; 2.3.2.3 Li in Its Relation to Human Artefacts; 2.3.2.4 Li in Its Relation to Symbols and Numbers; 2.3.3 The Investigation of Li; 2.3.3.1 The Nature and Purpose of the Investigation of Li; 2.3.3.2 The Method of Investigation; 3 His Idea of Nature; 3.1 Yin and Yang; 3.2 The Idea of Complementary Pairs; 3.3 The Concept of Ch'i or Energy; 3.3.1 But What Is Ch'i?; 3.3.2 The Generation of Living Creatures by the Transmutation of Energy; 3.3.3 The Fire Elements Are Mentioned Without Much Explanation; 3.3.4 Li and Ch'i; 3.4 Spiritual Beings
3.5 Nature and Human Conduct4 His Idea of History; 4.1 A Cyclical View of History; 4.1.1 A Cyclical History in a Cyclical Cosmos; 4.1.2 A Universe Which Is Running Down; 4.2 The Law of Cause and Effect in History; 4.2.1 Cause and Effect Operate as a Law and Not by the Direct Activity of a Personal God; 4.2.2 Man's Ability to Control the Operation of the Law; 4.3 The Mysterious Phase of History: Fate; 4.3.1 The Uninterpretable in History; 4.3.2 Fate Is Ch'i; 4.3.3 Man's Right Attitude Towards Fate; 5 His Idea of Man; 5.1 The Place of Man in the Universe; 5.2 The Nature of Man