Intro; Preface; Contents; Editor and Contributors; Abbreviations and Symbols; 1. Introduction; Abstract; 1.1. Energy Generation; 1.2. Conventional Energy Generation Technologies; 1.3. Fuel Cells in Energy Applications; 1.3.1. Historic Background and Types of Fuel Cells; 1.3.2. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; 1.3.3. Principles of Operation; 1.3.4. Governing Equations; References; 2. Types, Fabrication, and Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Abstract; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Characteristic of Fuel Cells; 2.3. Designs and Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2.3.1. Electrolyte-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (ES-SOFC); 2.3.2. Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (AS-SOFC); 2.3.3. Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (MS-SOFC); 2.3.4. SOFC Anode Materials; 2.3.5. SOFC Electrolyte Materials; 2.3.6. SOFC Cathode Materials; 2.4. Fabrication of Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; 2.5. Characterization of SOFC; References; 3. Contemporary Approaches to Planar SOFC Stack Design and Performance Characterization; Abstract; 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Latest SOFC Stack Designs; 3.3. New Design of SOFC Repeating Unit; 3.3.1. Interconnects; 3.3.2. Chromium Barrier

3.3.3. Cathode Contact Materials; 3.4. Seals; 3.4.1. Requirements for Sealants; 3.4.2. Types of Seals; 3.4.3. Glass-Based Seals; 3.5. Characterization of Stack Performance; References; 4. Fuel Processing for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Abstract; 4.1. Use of Alternative Fuels in High-Temperature SOFCs; 4.2. Fuel Reforming; 4.3. Fuel Reforming Configuration; 4.3.1. External Reforming Configuration (ER-SOFC); 4.3.2. Internal Reforming Configuration (IR-SOFC); 4.3.3. Internal Partial Oxidation Mode (IPO-SOFC); 4.3.4. Direct Fuel Oxidation Mode (DFO-SOFC); 4.3.5. Anode Gas Recycle System (AGR)

4.4. Thermodynamic Consideration on Carbon Formation; 4.5. Kinetic Considerations on Carbon Formation; 4.6. Standard Ni-YSZ Anodes; 4.7. Materials Design Strategies Aimed at Improving Carbon Tolerance in SOFC Anodes; 4.7.1. Ni-Based Cermets; 4.7.2. Alloying Ni with Transition Metals; 4.7.3. Use of Oxygen Storage Materials (OSM); 4.7.4. Bulk Perovskite Oxides; 4.7.5. Metal-Perovskite Anodes; 4.8. Reforming Catalysts Used in Reformers for SOFCs Fed with Alternative Fuels; 4.8.1. Ensemble Size Control; 4.8.2. Sulfur; 4.8.3. Hexaaluminates (HA); 4.8.4. Basic Promoters

4.8.5. Cerium Oxide and Ceria-Containing Mixed Oxides; 4.8.6. Bimetallic Catalysts; 4.9. Fuel and Gas Cleaning; References; 5. Modeling of SOFC-Based Power Systems; Abstract; 5.1. Multi-level Modeling of SOFC-Based Systems; 5.2. Zero-Dimensional Modeling; 5.3. One- and Two-Dimensional Modeling; 5.4. Three-Dimensional Modeling and Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes; 5.5. Model of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; References; 6. System Dynamics and Control; Abstract; 6.1. Introduction; 6.1.1. Key Simplifications-Geometric Resolution and Timescales; 6.2. Dynamic Model Description; 6.2.1. SOFC Model

6.2.2. Spatially Resolved Variable Flow Direction Heat Exchanger and Reformer; 6.2.3. Fuel Cell Manifolding and Flow Geometry; 6.3. Model Verification and Data-Model Comparison; 6.3.1. Example Dynamic Model Verification
Stand-Alone SOFC System; 6.3.2. Example Model Verification
Hybrid SOFC-GT System; 6.4. Control System Development and Evaluation; 6.4.1. Control System Development for Stand-Alone SOFC Systems; 6.4.2. Siemens 220 kW SOFC-GT System Control; 6.4.3. Response and Control of Ambient Temperature Perturbations; 6.4.4. Response and Control of Fuel Composition Perturbations; 6.4.5. Load Following with Large-Scale Synchronous Generator Systems; References

7. Selected Aspects of Design, Construction, and Operation of SOFC-Based Micro-Combined Heat and Power Systems; 8. Large Stationary Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Power Plants.