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Intro; Foreword; Contents; Editors and Contributors; Introduction; Biology; 1 Can We Rebuild the Cell Membrane?; 1 Introduction; 2 Biological Membranes; 2.1 Lipid Compositions of Biological Membranes; 2.2 Membrane Proteins; 3 Biomimetic Model Membranes; 3.1 Black Lipid Membranes (BLMs); 3.1.1 Painting Technique; 3.1.2 Monolayer Folding Painting; 3.2 Langmuir Monolayers; 3.3 Hybrid Bilayer Lipid Membranes (hBLMs); 3.4 Supported Lipid Bilayer Membranes (sLBMs); 3.5 Polymer-Cushioned Lipid Bilayer Membranes; 3.6 Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes (tBLMs); 3.7 Lipid Vesicles; 3.7.1 Micelles
3.7.2 Liposomes3.7.3 Nanodiscs; 4 Applications of Biomimetic Membranes; 5 Conclusion; References; 2 Encapsulation of Stem Cells in Research and Therapy; 1 Introduction; 2 History of Cell Encapsulation; 3 Background; 3.1 Stem Cells for Therapeutic Use; 3.2 Types of Cell Encapsulation; 3.3 Therapeutic Reasons for Encapsulation of Stem Cells; 3.4 Materials for Cell Encapsulation; 4 Applications of Stem Cell Micro-encapsulation for Liver Disease; 4.1 The Need for Liver Cell Therapies; 4.2 Cells for Liver Therapeutics; 4.3 Micro-encapsulation Designs; 4.4 Co-encapsulation
4.5 The Future of Cellular Liver Regenerative Therapies5 Application of Stem Cell Macro-encapsulation for Diabetes Mellitus; 5.1 The Need for Islet Cell Therapies; 5.2 Islet Cell Encapsulation; 5.3 Stem Cells for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus; 5.4 Stem Cell Differentiation; 5.5 Macroencapsulation-Device Engineering; 5.6 The Synergy Between Stem Cell Therapy and Device Engineering; 6 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 3 Stem Cells: Cellular and Extracellular Requirements for Generation and Use; 1 Stem Cells-Definition; 2 History of Stem Cell Discoveries and Milestones
3 Types of Stem Cells3.1 Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells; 3.2 Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells; 3.3 Adult Stem Cells; 3.4 Mesechymal Stem Cells (MSCs); 3.4.1 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs); 3.4.2 Cancer Stem Cells; 4 Extracellular Matrix and the Stem Cell Niche; 4.1 Three-Dimensional Scaffolds; 4.2 Stem Cell Therapies in Clinical Development; 4.2.1 Transdifferentiation; 4.3 Ethics in Stem Cell Research; 4.4 Summary; References; 4 A Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Matrix for Stem Cell Culture; 1 Introduction; 2 Materials and Methods; 2.1 Materials; 2.2 Fabrication of Collagen-HA Nano-Fibrous Matrices
2.3 Characterizations of Collagen-HA Nano-Fibrous Matrices2.4 Cell Cultures; 2.4.1 hBM-MSCs; 2.4.2 hiPSC, hESC; 2.5 Cell Seeding; 2.5.1 hBM-MSCs; 2.5.2 hiPSC and hESC; 2.6 Evaluation of the Attached Stem Cells onto Collagen-HA Matrices; 3 Results; 3.1 Fabrication and Characterization of Collagen-HA Nano-Fibrous Matrices; 3.2 Characterization of Cells After Seeding on Matrix; 4 Discussions; References; 5 Rheological Properties of Biological Structures, Scaffolds and Their Biomedical Applications; 1 What Is Rheology?; 2 Role of Rheology in Life; 3 Techniques and Methods of Measurement
3.7.2 Liposomes3.7.3 Nanodiscs; 4 Applications of Biomimetic Membranes; 5 Conclusion; References; 2 Encapsulation of Stem Cells in Research and Therapy; 1 Introduction; 2 History of Cell Encapsulation; 3 Background; 3.1 Stem Cells for Therapeutic Use; 3.2 Types of Cell Encapsulation; 3.3 Therapeutic Reasons for Encapsulation of Stem Cells; 3.4 Materials for Cell Encapsulation; 4 Applications of Stem Cell Micro-encapsulation for Liver Disease; 4.1 The Need for Liver Cell Therapies; 4.2 Cells for Liver Therapeutics; 4.3 Micro-encapsulation Designs; 4.4 Co-encapsulation
4.5 The Future of Cellular Liver Regenerative Therapies5 Application of Stem Cell Macro-encapsulation for Diabetes Mellitus; 5.1 The Need for Islet Cell Therapies; 5.2 Islet Cell Encapsulation; 5.3 Stem Cells for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus; 5.4 Stem Cell Differentiation; 5.5 Macroencapsulation-Device Engineering; 5.6 The Synergy Between Stem Cell Therapy and Device Engineering; 6 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 3 Stem Cells: Cellular and Extracellular Requirements for Generation and Use; 1 Stem Cells-Definition; 2 History of Stem Cell Discoveries and Milestones
3 Types of Stem Cells3.1 Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells; 3.2 Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells; 3.3 Adult Stem Cells; 3.4 Mesechymal Stem Cells (MSCs); 3.4.1 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs); 3.4.2 Cancer Stem Cells; 4 Extracellular Matrix and the Stem Cell Niche; 4.1 Three-Dimensional Scaffolds; 4.2 Stem Cell Therapies in Clinical Development; 4.2.1 Transdifferentiation; 4.3 Ethics in Stem Cell Research; 4.4 Summary; References; 4 A Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Matrix for Stem Cell Culture; 1 Introduction; 2 Materials and Methods; 2.1 Materials; 2.2 Fabrication of Collagen-HA Nano-Fibrous Matrices
2.3 Characterizations of Collagen-HA Nano-Fibrous Matrices2.4 Cell Cultures; 2.4.1 hBM-MSCs; 2.4.2 hiPSC, hESC; 2.5 Cell Seeding; 2.5.1 hBM-MSCs; 2.5.2 hiPSC and hESC; 2.6 Evaluation of the Attached Stem Cells onto Collagen-HA Matrices; 3 Results; 3.1 Fabrication and Characterization of Collagen-HA Nano-Fibrous Matrices; 3.2 Characterization of Cells After Seeding on Matrix; 4 Discussions; References; 5 Rheological Properties of Biological Structures, Scaffolds and Their Biomedical Applications; 1 What Is Rheology?; 2 Role of Rheology in Life; 3 Techniques and Methods of Measurement