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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Reviewers; Contents; About the Editors; Abbreviations; 1 Distribution System Expansion Planning; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Deterministic Model; 1.2.1 Objective Function and Cost-Related Terms; 1.2.2 Kirchhoff's Laws and Operational Limits; 1.2.3 Investment and Utilization Constraints; 1.2.4 Radiality Constraints; 1.2.5 Mixed-Integer Linear Formulation; 1.3 Stochastic Programming Model; 1.3.1 Uncertainty Modeling; 1.3.2 Objective Function and Cost-Related Terms; 1.3.3 Kirchhoff's Laws and Operational Limits; 1.3.4 Investment and Utilization Constraints
1.3.5 Radiality Constraints1.3.6 Mixed-Integer Linear Formulation; 1.4 Numerical Results; Appendix; Indices; Sets; Parameters; Variables; References; 2 Static and Dynamic Convex Distribution Network Expansion Planning; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Time Framework; 2.3 AC Power Flow in Electric Distribution Networks; 2.4 Convex Model for the EDNEP Problem; 2.4.1 Capacitor Bank Model; 2.4.2 Voltage Regulator Model; 2.4.3 Static Convex EDNEP Model; 2.4.4 Dynamic Convex EDNEP Model; 2.5 Numerical Results; 2.5.1 Data Specifications; 2.5.2 Static Test Case; 2.5.3 Dynamic Test Case; Appendix; Sets
ParametersDecision Variables; References; 3 Mathematical Optimization of Unbalanced Networks with Smart Grid Devices; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Mathematical Representation of Unbalanced Electric Distribution Networks; 3.2.1 Current-Based Mathematical Formulation; 3.2.2 Power-Based Mathematical Formulation; 3.2.3 Performance and Accuracy; 3.3 Operational Constraints; 3.3.1 Voltage Magnitude; 3.3.2 Circuit Currents; 3.3.3 Transformer Capacity; 3.4 Load Representation; 3.4.1 Type of Loads: Voltage Dependent Load Models; 3.4.2 Special Loads: Plug-In Electric Vehicles
3.5 Distributed Generation3.5.1 Renewable DG; 3.6 Energy Storage Devices; 3.6.1 BESS Operation; 3.7 Voltage and Reactive Power Control Devices; 3.7.1 Capacitor Banks; 3.7.2 On-Load Tap Changers and Voltage Regulators; 3.8 Mathematical Framework Application in Control Approaches; 3.8.1 Electric Vehicle Charging Coordination Problem; 3.8.2 Voltage Control Problem; 3.9 Comparative Overview and Discussion; Appendix 1: Piecewise Linearization Technique; Appendix 2: Multi-period and Multi-scenario Extension; Appendix 3: Estimated Steady-State Operation Point; References
4 Multi-stage Primary-Secondary Planning Considering Wholesale-Retail MarketsAbstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Problem Modelling and Formulation; 4.2.1 First Stage Problem Formulation; 4.2.2 Second Stage Problem Formulation; 4.2.3 Third Stage Problem Formulation; 4.2.4 Fourth Stage Problem Formulation; 4.3 Solution Algorithm; 4.4 Numerical Results; Appendix; References; 5 Multi-agent Based Planning Considering the Behavior of Individual End-Users; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Application of Multi-agent Systems in the Distribution Grid Planning; 5.3 Simulation Environment
1.3.5 Radiality Constraints1.3.6 Mixed-Integer Linear Formulation; 1.4 Numerical Results; Appendix; Indices; Sets; Parameters; Variables; References; 2 Static and Dynamic Convex Distribution Network Expansion Planning; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Time Framework; 2.3 AC Power Flow in Electric Distribution Networks; 2.4 Convex Model for the EDNEP Problem; 2.4.1 Capacitor Bank Model; 2.4.2 Voltage Regulator Model; 2.4.3 Static Convex EDNEP Model; 2.4.4 Dynamic Convex EDNEP Model; 2.5 Numerical Results; 2.5.1 Data Specifications; 2.5.2 Static Test Case; 2.5.3 Dynamic Test Case; Appendix; Sets
ParametersDecision Variables; References; 3 Mathematical Optimization of Unbalanced Networks with Smart Grid Devices; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Mathematical Representation of Unbalanced Electric Distribution Networks; 3.2.1 Current-Based Mathematical Formulation; 3.2.2 Power-Based Mathematical Formulation; 3.2.3 Performance and Accuracy; 3.3 Operational Constraints; 3.3.1 Voltage Magnitude; 3.3.2 Circuit Currents; 3.3.3 Transformer Capacity; 3.4 Load Representation; 3.4.1 Type of Loads: Voltage Dependent Load Models; 3.4.2 Special Loads: Plug-In Electric Vehicles
3.5 Distributed Generation3.5.1 Renewable DG; 3.6 Energy Storage Devices; 3.6.1 BESS Operation; 3.7 Voltage and Reactive Power Control Devices; 3.7.1 Capacitor Banks; 3.7.2 On-Load Tap Changers and Voltage Regulators; 3.8 Mathematical Framework Application in Control Approaches; 3.8.1 Electric Vehicle Charging Coordination Problem; 3.8.2 Voltage Control Problem; 3.9 Comparative Overview and Discussion; Appendix 1: Piecewise Linearization Technique; Appendix 2: Multi-period and Multi-scenario Extension; Appendix 3: Estimated Steady-State Operation Point; References
4 Multi-stage Primary-Secondary Planning Considering Wholesale-Retail MarketsAbstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Problem Modelling and Formulation; 4.2.1 First Stage Problem Formulation; 4.2.2 Second Stage Problem Formulation; 4.2.3 Third Stage Problem Formulation; 4.2.4 Fourth Stage Problem Formulation; 4.3 Solution Algorithm; 4.4 Numerical Results; Appendix; References; 5 Multi-agent Based Planning Considering the Behavior of Individual End-Users; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Application of Multi-agent Systems in the Distribution Grid Planning; 5.3 Simulation Environment