Intro; Dedication/Acknowledgments; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Adults; 1: Basic Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of the Lower Urinary Tract; Overview of the Lower Urinary Tract Neural Activity During Bladder Storage and Voiding; Neural Connections to the Lower Urinary Tract; Efferent Innervation to the LUT; Afferent Innervation to the LUT; Neurogenic Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract; Experimental Studies of Neuromodulation; Conclusion; References; 2: Neuromodulation for Non-­urologic Chronic Pain; Neuromodulation for Pain; Spinal Cord Stimulation

Peripheral Nerve StimulationDeep Brain Stimulation; Motor Cortex Stimulation; Intrathecal Drug Delivery; Summary; References; 3: Sacral Neuromodulation for Overactive Bladder; Introduction; Summary of OAB; Definitions and Terminology; Epidemiology; Pathophysiology; Management of OAB; Sacral Neuromodulation for OAB: A Brief History; Patient Selection, Evaluation, and Counseling; Patient Selection and Contraindications; Patient Counseling; Patient Evaluation; Guidelines and Evidence; Guidelines; The Evidence for Sacral Neuromodulation; Retrospective and Prospective Case Series

Randomized TrialsLong-Term Follow-Up of Sacral Neuromodulation for OAB; SNM for OAB in Patients with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction; Spinal Cord Injury; Multiple Sclerosis; Other Neurological Disorders (Stroke, Parkinson's Disease, Cerebral Palsy); Technique for Sacral Neuromodulation; Considerations; Test Phase; Basic Evaluation (Peripheral Nerve Evaluation); Advanced Evaluation (Stage 1 Permanent Lead Implantation); Pulse Generator Placement; Pulse Generator Placement After Advanced Evaluation; Pulse Generator Placement After Basic Evaluation

Cost-Effectiveness of SNM for the Management of OABConclusion; References; 4: Neuromodulation for Non-­obstructive Urinary Retention; Introduction; Urinary Retention; Causes of Urinary Retention; Idiopathic Causes of Non-obstructive Urinary Retention; Neurogenic Causes of Non-­obstructive Urinary Retention; Sacral Neuromodulation as a Catalyst for Neurologic Remodeling; Brindley Finetech Stimulator; Hemilaminectomy and Ventral Root Microanastomosis, the Xiao Procedure; Detrusor Underactivity as a Cause for Urinary Retention; The Future of Neuromodulation for Non-obstructive Urinary Retention

Improvements to the Existing SNM SystemConclusion; References; 5: Peripheral Nerve Evaluation; Introduction/Background; Patient Selection; Technique; Initial Test Phase; Acute Period: Peripheral Nerve Evaluation Technique; Subchronic Phase: Home Testing; Advances; Adverse Events; Advantages/Disadvantages; Conclusion; References; 6: Use of Electromyography (EMG) in Neuromodulation; Introduction; Background; History of Electroneurodiagnostics; Clinical Scenarios Where cMAP Monitoring May Be Beneficial; Mechanism of cMAP; Mechanism of Neural Stimulation of the Pelvis; Operating Room Staff