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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 General Introduction and Nanoscale View of the Cell; 1.1 What is a Cell?; 1.2 Optophysics to Discover Cells; 1.3 Cell Imaging; 1.3.1 Cell's General View Under Microscope; 1.3.2 Atomic Force Microscopy to Observe Cell Surface Landscapes; 1.3.3 Confocal Imaging to Observe Cell Substances; 1.4 Cell Measurements; 1.4.1 Cell Mass; 1.4.2 Electrical Measurements; 1.4.2.1 Membrane Potential; 1.4.2.2 Resting Potential; 1.4.2.3 Resting Potential and Neuron Membrane; 1.4.2.4 Action Potential; 1.4.2.5 Membrane as a Capacitor
1.4.2.6 Excitability and the State of Membrane Potential1.5 Small Scales of Cell and Physics of Life; 1.6 Synthesis of Cell; 1.6.1 Creation of Quasi-Cellular System and Detection of System Constructs; 1.6.2 Practical Creation and Commercial Breakthrough; 1.7 Physical States of Cell; 1.7.1 Solid-State Structure; 1.7.2 Liquid-State Structure; 1.7.3 Plasma-State Structure; 1.7.4 Cell Fluid Chemical States and the Consequent Influences on States of the Structures; 1.8 Femtochemistry to Watch Cell-Based Molecular Conditions and Interactions in Real Time
1.8.1 DNA Damage Detection Using Femtochemistry Approaches1.8.2 Femtochemistry Approaches Help Discover Novel Compounds to Target Cells; References; 2 Cell Surface Dynamics; 2.1 Topology of the Cell Surface; 2.1.1 Basic Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model; 2.1.2 Latest Status of the Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Models; 2.2 Dynamics of Membrane Domains; 2.2.1 Membrane Domains and Lipid Rafts-General Aspects and Roles in Cell Signaling; 2.2.2 Domains and Rafts in Simulated Membranes Containing Cholesterol; 2.2.3 Membrane Domains and Lipid Rafts-Diffusion and Dynamics
2.2.4 Size and Stability of Domains and Rafts on Detection of Diffusion and Dynamics2.3 Bacterial Membrane Domains and Lipid Rafts: Distribution and Dynamics; References; 3 Cell Surface Diffusion and Adsorption; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Diffusion of Cell Surface Adsorbates to Target Random Locations on Surface Lattice Structures; 3.2.1 General Background; 3.2.2 Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems; 3.2.3 Computer Simulation Addressing NP Diffusion on Cell Surface; 3.2.3.1 Computer Simulation Techniques; 3.2.3.2 Proposed Conditions for Developing the Computational Algorithms
3.2.3.3 Theoretical Function Representation: Generalized Formulation of the Frequency Graph3.2.3.4 Probability of NP-CH Interactions; 3.2.4 Developing Algorithms; 3.2.5 Concluding Remarks; 3.3 Cell Surface Movement of Viruses and Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles and Their Cell Entry Mechanisms; 3.3.1 Single-Particle Tracking as Cell Internalization Assessment; 3.3.2 Kinetics and Dynamics of Single Nanoparticles in Living Cells; 3.3.3 Mechanisms of Viral Entry into Cells; 3.3.4 Tracking the Viral Entry into Cells; 3.4 Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Cell Uptake Mechanisms
1.4.2.6 Excitability and the State of Membrane Potential1.5 Small Scales of Cell and Physics of Life; 1.6 Synthesis of Cell; 1.6.1 Creation of Quasi-Cellular System and Detection of System Constructs; 1.6.2 Practical Creation and Commercial Breakthrough; 1.7 Physical States of Cell; 1.7.1 Solid-State Structure; 1.7.2 Liquid-State Structure; 1.7.3 Plasma-State Structure; 1.7.4 Cell Fluid Chemical States and the Consequent Influences on States of the Structures; 1.8 Femtochemistry to Watch Cell-Based Molecular Conditions and Interactions in Real Time
1.8.1 DNA Damage Detection Using Femtochemistry Approaches1.8.2 Femtochemistry Approaches Help Discover Novel Compounds to Target Cells; References; 2 Cell Surface Dynamics; 2.1 Topology of the Cell Surface; 2.1.1 Basic Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model; 2.1.2 Latest Status of the Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Models; 2.2 Dynamics of Membrane Domains; 2.2.1 Membrane Domains and Lipid Rafts-General Aspects and Roles in Cell Signaling; 2.2.2 Domains and Rafts in Simulated Membranes Containing Cholesterol; 2.2.3 Membrane Domains and Lipid Rafts-Diffusion and Dynamics
2.2.4 Size and Stability of Domains and Rafts on Detection of Diffusion and Dynamics2.3 Bacterial Membrane Domains and Lipid Rafts: Distribution and Dynamics; References; 3 Cell Surface Diffusion and Adsorption; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Diffusion of Cell Surface Adsorbates to Target Random Locations on Surface Lattice Structures; 3.2.1 General Background; 3.2.2 Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems; 3.2.3 Computer Simulation Addressing NP Diffusion on Cell Surface; 3.2.3.1 Computer Simulation Techniques; 3.2.3.2 Proposed Conditions for Developing the Computational Algorithms
3.2.3.3 Theoretical Function Representation: Generalized Formulation of the Frequency Graph3.2.3.4 Probability of NP-CH Interactions; 3.2.4 Developing Algorithms; 3.2.5 Concluding Remarks; 3.3 Cell Surface Movement of Viruses and Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles and Their Cell Entry Mechanisms; 3.3.1 Single-Particle Tracking as Cell Internalization Assessment; 3.3.2 Kinetics and Dynamics of Single Nanoparticles in Living Cells; 3.3.3 Mechanisms of Viral Entry into Cells; 3.3.4 Tracking the Viral Entry into Cells; 3.4 Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Cell Uptake Mechanisms