Intro; Foreword; Preface; Contents; 1: Equipment in Pediatric Endoscopy; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD); 1.1.2 Neonatal Patients; 1.1.3 Children Weighing less than 10-15 kg; 1.1.4 Children Older than 12 Months or Weighing more than 10-15 kg; 1.2 Colonoscopy; 1.2.1 Neonatal Patients (<5 kg); 1.2.2 Children Weighing Between 5 and 12 kg; 1.2.3 Children Weighing more than 12-15 kg; 1.3 Capsule Endoscopy; 1.3.1 Small Bowel Enteroscopy; 1.3.2 Push Enteroscopy; 1.3.3 Antegrade and Retrograde Balloon-Assisted Enteroscopy

1.4 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)1.4.1 Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS); 1.4.2 Biopsy Forceps; 1.4.3 Endoscopic Retrieval Devices; 1.4.4 Polypectomy Devices; 1.4.5 Hemostatic Devices; 1.4.6 Devices for Esophageal and Ileocolonic Dilation; 1.4.6.1 Bougie Dilators; 1.4.6.2 Through-the-Scope Balloon; 1.4.6.3 Esophageal Stents; 1.5 Conclusion and Future Directions; References; 2: Bowel Preparation and Factors Correlated with Patients and Parents; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Bowel Preparation; 2.2.1 Bowel Cleansing Solutions; 2.2.2 Bowel Cleanout Regimens

2.3 Bowel Preparation Quality2.3.1 Documentation of Preparation Quality; 2.3.2 Inadequate Bowel Preparation; 2.4 Parents' Preparation; References; 3: Sedation; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Anesthesiologists Versus Non-anesthesiologists; 3.3 Preparation for Sedation; 3.4 Sedatives for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; 3.4.1 Propofol; 3.4.2 Ketamine; 3.4.3 Benzodiazepines and Opioids; 3.4.4 Inhalation Anesthetics; References; 4: Early Onset IBD: Endoscopic Features; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Definition of Very Early Onset IBD (VEOIBD); 4.2 Endoscopic and Histologic Features

4.3 Endoscopy and Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID)4.4 Clinical Presentation and Course of VEOIBD; References; 5: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Ileocolonoscopy; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; 5.2.1 Crohn's Disease; 5.2.2 Ulcerative Colitis; 5.3 Lower Endoscopy; 5.3.1 Crohn's Disease; 5.3.1.1 Diagnosis; 5.3.1.2 Disease Location and Extent; 5.3.2 Ulcerative Colitis; 5.3.2.1 Diagnosis; 5.3.2.2 Disease Location and Extent; 5.4 Follow-Up; References; 6: Endoscopic Score in CD and UC; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Ulcerative Colitis; 6.2.1 Mayo Score

6.2.2 Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS)6.2.3 Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopic Index of Severity (UCCIS); 6.3 Crohn's Disease; 6.3.1 Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS); 6.3.2 Simple Endoscopic Score for CD (SES-CD); 6.3.3 The Rutgeerts Score; 6.4 Mucosal Healing; References; 7: Small-Bowel Endoscopy; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Technical Features; 7.2.1 WCE; 7.2.2 BAE; 7.3 Exam Preparation and Execution; 7.3.1 Informed Consent/Refusal [11]; 7.3.2 Training/Certification [1, 11]; 7.3.3 WCE [11-14]; 7.3.4 BAE [2, 4, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16]