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Table of Contents
Intro; Dedication; Acknowledgment; Contents; About the Author; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Rationale; 1.2 Objectives and Scope; 1.3 The Book's Structure; 1.4 A Note on Data; References; Chapter 2: Infrastructure Needs and Reality; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Provision of Transportation Infrastructure Investment; 2.2.1 Extent of Investment; 2.3 Measuring the Value of Existing Infrastructure Facilities; 2.4 Infrastructure Supply Versus Needs; 2.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: The Dubious Status of Formal Project Evaluation Procedures; 3.1 Introduction
3.2 Welfare-Economic Principles of CBA3.3 What Are We Measuring?; 3.4 Evaluation Methods in Various Countries; 3.5 The Regulatory Status of Formal Evaluation Schemes; 3.6 Conclusions; Appendix: Appraisal Schemes Commonly Used in the USA; STEAM; AASHTO Red Book; References; Chapter 4: Inferior and Unworthy Transportation Mega-Projects; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Suppositions on Key Determinants of Project Decision-Making; 4.3 Interface Between Actors, Institutions, Funding and Politics; 4.4 Inferior or Unworthy Projects: Funding; 4.5 Summary; Appendix: The Database Used in This Book; References
Chapter 5: Inaccuracies in Cost and Demand Forecasts5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Methodological Foundations of Cost and Demand Projections; 5.3 The Evidence; 5.4 Travel Demand Forecasting and Inaccuracies; 5.5 Cost Estimation and Inaccuracies; 5.6 Manipulation of Cost and Demand Forecasts and Project Mismanagement; 5.7 Forecast Commissioning, Transparency and Accountability; 5.8 Does It at All Matter? Implications of Forecasts for CBAs and Choice; 5.9 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Mega-Project History and Decision-Making; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Project History: Impacts
6.2.1 Setting the Project's Context and Rationale6.2.2 Maintaining the Project's Place on the Public Agenda; 6.2.3 Prioritization of Competing Investments; 6.2.4 Effect on Potential Opposition; 6.3 History Affects Ambiguity; 6.4 Does Project History Matter?; 6.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 7: Interest Groups: Advocacy and Opposition; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 SIGs: Advocates and Opponents; 7.2.1 Project Advocacy SIGs; 7.2.2 Project Opposition SIGs; 7.3 Empirical Findings; 7.3.1 The Distribution of Opposition by Type; 7.3.2 The Effect of History; 7.3.3 Other Attributes of Project Opposition
7.4 ConclusionsReferences; Chapter 8: The Decisive Role of Project Funding; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Funding Alternatives; 8.3 Project Fund by Source and Method; 8.3.1 Methods of Finance; 8.4 Effects of Funding on Decision-Making; 8.5 Grants and Risk in PPP Projects; 8.6 The Sequence of Funding and Investment Decisions; 8.7 Conclusions; References; Chapter 9: Overseeing Institutions; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Transportation Agencies: Their Roles and Functions; 9.2.1 Policy Design and Information Gathering; 9.2.2 Regulation; 9.2.3 Funding; 9.2.4 Implementation; 9.2.5 Project Promotion and Leadership
3.2 Welfare-Economic Principles of CBA3.3 What Are We Measuring?; 3.4 Evaluation Methods in Various Countries; 3.5 The Regulatory Status of Formal Evaluation Schemes; 3.6 Conclusions; Appendix: Appraisal Schemes Commonly Used in the USA; STEAM; AASHTO Red Book; References; Chapter 4: Inferior and Unworthy Transportation Mega-Projects; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Suppositions on Key Determinants of Project Decision-Making; 4.3 Interface Between Actors, Institutions, Funding and Politics; 4.4 Inferior or Unworthy Projects: Funding; 4.5 Summary; Appendix: The Database Used in This Book; References
Chapter 5: Inaccuracies in Cost and Demand Forecasts5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Methodological Foundations of Cost and Demand Projections; 5.3 The Evidence; 5.4 Travel Demand Forecasting and Inaccuracies; 5.5 Cost Estimation and Inaccuracies; 5.6 Manipulation of Cost and Demand Forecasts and Project Mismanagement; 5.7 Forecast Commissioning, Transparency and Accountability; 5.8 Does It at All Matter? Implications of Forecasts for CBAs and Choice; 5.9 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Mega-Project History and Decision-Making; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Project History: Impacts
6.2.1 Setting the Project's Context and Rationale6.2.2 Maintaining the Project's Place on the Public Agenda; 6.2.3 Prioritization of Competing Investments; 6.2.4 Effect on Potential Opposition; 6.3 History Affects Ambiguity; 6.4 Does Project History Matter?; 6.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 7: Interest Groups: Advocacy and Opposition; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 SIGs: Advocates and Opponents; 7.2.1 Project Advocacy SIGs; 7.2.2 Project Opposition SIGs; 7.3 Empirical Findings; 7.3.1 The Distribution of Opposition by Type; 7.3.2 The Effect of History; 7.3.3 Other Attributes of Project Opposition
7.4 ConclusionsReferences; Chapter 8: The Decisive Role of Project Funding; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Funding Alternatives; 8.3 Project Fund by Source and Method; 8.3.1 Methods of Finance; 8.4 Effects of Funding on Decision-Making; 8.5 Grants and Risk in PPP Projects; 8.6 The Sequence of Funding and Investment Decisions; 8.7 Conclusions; References; Chapter 9: Overseeing Institutions; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Transportation Agencies: Their Roles and Functions; 9.2.1 Policy Design and Information Gathering; 9.2.2 Regulation; 9.2.3 Funding; 9.2.4 Implementation; 9.2.5 Project Promotion and Leadership