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Intro; Contents; Contributors; 1 Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy for the Study of Growth Dynamics of Nanomaterials and Structure of Soft Matter; 1 Definition of the Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Experimental and Instrumental Methodology; 4.1 General Sample and Microscope Preparation Considerations; 4.2 Lessons Learned from the Development of Cryo-EM; 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Growth of Particles from Aqueous Solutions; 5.1.1 Radiation Chemistry of Water; 5.1.2 In Situ Particles Growth in Unscavenged Aqueous Solutions; 5.1.3 Creating Net Reducing Conditions for Particle Growth
5.2 Dose, Motion, and Contrast Limited Resolution for Imaging (Bio)macromolecules5.3 Other Effects of the Electron Beam in LCEM Experiments; 5.3.1 Depletion of Precursor Solution; 5.3.2 Electron Beam Charging; 5.3.3 Diffusion of Nanoparticles in the Liquid Cell; 5.4 In Situ Observations in Nonaqueous Solutions; 5.4.1 Radiation Chemistry of Organic Solvents; 5.4.2 Radiolysis of Highly Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions
Degradation and Aging Studies; 5.4.3 Imaging Electrochemical Processes In Situ; 6 Conclusions and Future Perspective; References
2 In Situ X-Ray Studies of Crystallization Kinetics and Ordering in Functional Organic and Hybrid Materials1 Definition of the Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Experimental Methodology; 4.1 Fabrication of Organic Thin Films; 4.2 Growth of Organic Nanowires; 4.3 Growth of Perovskite Thin Films; 4.4 In Situ Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Using Synchrotron X-Ray Source; 4.5 Time-Resolved, In Situ X-Ray Diffraction; 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Molecular Packing and Orientation of Organic Molecules Revealed by In Situ GIWAXS
5.2 Understanding the Metal-Direct Growth of Single-Crystal Organic Nanowires5.3 Crystallization Mechanism of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites; 6 Conclusions and Future Perspective; References; 3 Wide-Field Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy for In-Situ Characterization of Nanoparticle Suspensions; 1 Introduction; 2 An Overview of Analytical Techniques for In-Situ Characterization of Nanoparticle Suspensions; 2.1 Characterization of Nanoparticles in Bulk Suspension; 2.2 Surface Sensing of Particles in Bulk Suspension; 2.3 Hyphenated Technologies; 3 Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy
4 In-Situ Characterization of Nanoparticle Suspensions Using Wide-Field Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy4.1 Experimental and Instrumental Methodology of Wide-Field SPRM; 4.2 Data Analysis in Wide-Field SPRM; 4.3 Surface Properties and Adsorption of Nanoparticles; 4.4 Determination of Concentration of Nanoparticles in Liquid Suspensions; 4.5 Determination of the Size and Size Distribution of Single Nanoparticles; 4.6 Hyphenation with Electrochemical Analysis; 5 Conclusion and Future Perspective; References
5.2 Dose, Motion, and Contrast Limited Resolution for Imaging (Bio)macromolecules5.3 Other Effects of the Electron Beam in LCEM Experiments; 5.3.1 Depletion of Precursor Solution; 5.3.2 Electron Beam Charging; 5.3.3 Diffusion of Nanoparticles in the Liquid Cell; 5.4 In Situ Observations in Nonaqueous Solutions; 5.4.1 Radiation Chemistry of Organic Solvents; 5.4.2 Radiolysis of Highly Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions
Degradation and Aging Studies; 5.4.3 Imaging Electrochemical Processes In Situ; 6 Conclusions and Future Perspective; References
2 In Situ X-Ray Studies of Crystallization Kinetics and Ordering in Functional Organic and Hybrid Materials1 Definition of the Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Experimental Methodology; 4.1 Fabrication of Organic Thin Films; 4.2 Growth of Organic Nanowires; 4.3 Growth of Perovskite Thin Films; 4.4 In Situ Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Using Synchrotron X-Ray Source; 4.5 Time-Resolved, In Situ X-Ray Diffraction; 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Molecular Packing and Orientation of Organic Molecules Revealed by In Situ GIWAXS
5.2 Understanding the Metal-Direct Growth of Single-Crystal Organic Nanowires5.3 Crystallization Mechanism of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites; 6 Conclusions and Future Perspective; References; 3 Wide-Field Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy for In-Situ Characterization of Nanoparticle Suspensions; 1 Introduction; 2 An Overview of Analytical Techniques for In-Situ Characterization of Nanoparticle Suspensions; 2.1 Characterization of Nanoparticles in Bulk Suspension; 2.2 Surface Sensing of Particles in Bulk Suspension; 2.3 Hyphenated Technologies; 3 Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy
4 In-Situ Characterization of Nanoparticle Suspensions Using Wide-Field Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy4.1 Experimental and Instrumental Methodology of Wide-Field SPRM; 4.2 Data Analysis in Wide-Field SPRM; 4.3 Surface Properties and Adsorption of Nanoparticles; 4.4 Determination of Concentration of Nanoparticles in Liquid Suspensions; 4.5 Determination of the Size and Size Distribution of Single Nanoparticles; 4.6 Hyphenation with Electrochemical Analysis; 5 Conclusion and Future Perspective; References